RECOMMENDED SOURCES FOR CLASS PRESENTATIONS  [ANTH 457, Autumn 2009]

The following sources are recommended as background reading; note that only those that are highlighted are suitable for the main focus of your presentation.  If you have alternate sources that you wish to use, you will need to and provide me with a photocopy or PDF and obtain my approval in advance.

Anthropogenic Environments

Anderson, M. Kat (1999) The fire, pruning, and coppice management of temperate ecosystems for basketry material by California Indian tribes. Human Ecology 27(1):79-113.

Anderson, M. Kat (1993) Native Californians as ancient and contemporary cultivators.  In Before the wilderness: environmental management by native Californians, ed. Thomas C. Blackburn and Kat Anderson, pp. 151-174.  Menlo Park, CA: Ballena Press.

Anderson, M. Kat (2005) Tending the Wild: Native American Knowledge and the Management of California's Natural Resources.  Berkeley: U California Press.

Balée, William (1992) People of the fallow:  a historical ecology of foraging in lowland South America.  In Conservation in Neotropical forests: Working from traditional resource use, ed. Kent H. Redford and Christine Padoch, pp. 35-?.  Irvington, NY: Columbia U. Press.

Balée, William (1993) Indigenous transformation of Amazonian forests: an example from Maranhão, Brazil.  L’Homme 33:231-254.

Bliege Bird, R., et al. (2008) Anthropogenic fire mosaics, biodiversity, and Australian Aboriginal foraging strategies: A test of the ''fire stick farming'' hypothesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 105(39): 14796-14801.

Bowman, D.M.J.S., Angie Walsh, and L.D. Prior (2004) Landscape analysis of Aboriginal fire management in Central Arnhem Land, north Australia. Journal of Biogeography 31(2):207-223.

Burney, David A. (1997) Tropical islands as paleoecological laboratories: gauging the consequences of human arrival. Human Ecology 25(3):437-457.

Diamond, Jared L. (2007) Easter Island revisited.  Science 317(5845): 1692-1694. [cf. Hunt 2007]

Donlan, Josh and  et al. (2005) Re-wilding North America. Nature 436:913-914.

Fisher, Christopher T, et al. (2003) A reexamination of human-induced environmental change within the Lake Pátzcuaro Basin, Michoacán, Mexico. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 100(8):4957-4962.

Hammett, Julia E. (2000) Ethnohistory of aboriginal landscapes in the southeastern United States.  In Biodiversity and native America, ed. Paul E. Minnis and Wayne J. Elisens, pp. 248-299.  Norman, OK: U of Oklahoma Press.

Heckenberger, M.J., et al. (2003) Amazonia 1492: Pristine forest or cultural parkland? Science 301 (5640):1710-1713.

Hunt, Terry L. (2006) Rethinking the fall of Easter Island. American Scientist 94(5):412-419. [cf. Diamond 2007]

Hunt, Terry L. (2007) Rethinking Easter Island’s ecological catastrophe. J. of Archaeological Science 34:485-502.

Jones, Clive G., John H. Lawton, and Moshe Shachak (1994) Organisms as ecosystem engineers. Oikos 69:373-386.

Kirch, Patrick V. (1997) Microcosmic histories: island perspectives on "global" change. American Anthropologist 99:30-42.

Kohler, Tim (1992) Prehistoric human impact on the environment in the upland North-American Southwest. Population and Environment 13:255-268.

Laris, Paul (2002) Burning the seasonal mosaic: Preventative burning strategies in the wooded savanna of Southern Mali. Human Ecology 30(2):155-186.

Natcher, David C. (2004) Implications of fire policy on native land use in the Yukon Flats, Alaska. Human Ecology 32(4):421-441.

Parr, Catherine L. and Alan N. Andersen (2006) Patch mosaic burning for biodiversity conservation: A critique of the pyrodiversity paradigm. Conservation Biology 20(6):1610-1619.

Peres, Carlos A. (2000) Effects of subsistence hunting on vertebrate community structure in Amazonian forests. Conservation Biology 14:240-253.

Peacock, Sandra L. and Nancy J. Turner (2000) "Just like a garden": traditional resource management and biodiversity conservation in the interior plateau of British Columbia.  In Biodiversity and native America, ed. Paul E. Minnis and Wayne J. Elisens, pp. 133-179.  Norman, OK: U of Oklahoma Press.

Pyne, Stephen J. (1998) Forged in fire:  history, land, and anthropogenic fire.  In Advances in historical ecology, ed. William Balée, pp. 64-103.  NY: Columbia U. Press.

Russell-Smith, Jeremy, et al. (1997) Aboriginal resource utilization and fire management practice in western Arnhem Land, monsoonal northern Australia: notes for prehistory, lessons for the future. Human Ecology 25(2):159-195.

Sponsel, Leslie E. (1992) The environmental history of Amazonia: natural and human disturbances, and the ecological transition.  In Changing tropical forests: historical perspectives on today's challenges in Central and South America, ed. Harold K. Steen and Richard P. Tucker, pp. 233-251.  Durham: Forest History Society.

Stewart, Omer C. (2002) Forgotten fires: Native Americans and the transient wilderness.  Norman, OK: U. of Oklahoma Press.

Vale, Thomas R. (1998) The myth of the humanized landscape: an example from Yosemite National Park. Natural Areas Journal 18:231-236.

Vale, Thomas R., ed. (2002) Fire, native peoples, and the natural landscape.  Washington, D.C.: Island Press.  [selected chapters]

Population Ecology

Bentley, Gillian R., Grazyna Jasienska, and Tony Goldberg (1993) Is the fertility of agriculturalists higher than that of nonagriculturalists? Current Anthropology 34:778-785.

Blurton Jones, Nicholas, Kristen Hawkes, and Patricia Draper (1994) Differences between Hadza and !Kung children's work:  Affluence or practical reason?  In Key issues in hunter-gatherer research, ed. Ernest S. Burch, Jr. and Linda J. Ellanna, pp. 189-215.  Oxford/Providence: Berg.

Boone, James L. (2002) Subsistence strategies and early human population history: an evolutionary ecological perspective. World Archaeology 34(1):6-25.

Cohen, Joel E. (2003) Human Population: The Next Half Century. Science(5648):1172-1174.

Gibson, M.A. and R. Mace (2002) Labor-saving technology and fertility increase in rural Africa. Current Anthropology 43(4):631-636.

Hassan, Fekri A. (1994) Population ecology and civilization in ancient Egypt.  In Historical ecology: cultural knowledge and changing landscapes, ed. Carole L. Crumley, pp. 155-182.  Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research Press. [pop]

Hawkes, Kristen, James F. O'Connell, and Nicholas G. Blurton Jones (1997) Hadza women's time allocation, offspring provisioning, and the evolution of long postmenopausal life spans. Current Anthropology 38:551-577.

Hopfenberg, Russell (2009) Genetic feedback and human population regulation. Human Ecology 37(5):643-651.

Kohler, Timothy A., et al. (2008) The Neolithic demographic transition in the US Southwest. American Antiquity 73(4):645-669.

Kramer, Karen L. (2005) Children's help and the pace of reproduction: cooperative breeding in humans. Evolutionary Anthropology 14:224-237.

Kramer, Karen L. and James L. Boone (2002) Why intensive agriculturalists have higher fertility: A household energy budget approach. Current Anthropology 43(3):511-518.

Kramer, Karen and Garnett P. McMillan (1998) How Maya women respond to changing technology: the effect of helping behavior on initiation of reproduction. Human Nature 9:205-223.

Low, Bobbi S. and Alice Clarke (1992) Resource control, fertility and migration.  In Population-environment dynamics, ed. Gayl D. Ness,  Drake William D., and  Brechin Steven R., pp. 195-224.  Ann Arbor: U. of Michigan Press. [pop; eur]

Netting, Robert McC. (1990) Population, permanent agriculture, and polities:  Unpacking the evolutionary portmanteau.  In The evolution of political systems, ed. Steadman Upham, pp. 21-61.  Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Pennington, Rene L. (1996) Causes of early human population growth. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 99:259-272.

Sellen, Daniel W. and Ruth Mace (1997) Fertility and mode of subsistence: a phylogenetic analysis. Current Anthropology 38:878-889.

Stiner, Mary C., et al. (1999) Paleolithic population growth pulses evidenced by small animal exploitation. Science 283:190-194.

Stiner, Mary C., Natalie D. Munro, and Todd A. Surovell (2000) The tortoise and the hare: small-game use, the broad-spectrum revolution, and Paleolithic demography. Current Anthropology 41(1):39-73.

Vasey, Daniel (1996) Population regulation, ecology, and political economy in preindustrial Iceland. American Ethnologist 23:366-392.

Wood, James W. (1998) A theory of preindustrial population dynamics: demography, economy, and well-being in Malthusian systems. Current Anthropology 39:99-135.

Reproductive Strategies

Blurton Jones, Nicholas (2006) Contemporary hunter-gatherers and human life history evolution.  In The Evolution of Human Life History, ed. Kristen Hawkes and Richard Paine, pp. 231-266.  Santa Fe: SAR Press.

Borgerhoff Mulder, Monique (2000) Optimizing offspring: the quantity-quality tradeoff in agropastoral Kipsigis. Evolution and Human Behavior 21:391-410.

Draper, Patricia and Raymond Hames (2000) Birth order, sibling investment, and fertility among Ju/'hoansi (!Kung). Human Nature 11(2):117-156.

Gibson, Mhairi A. and Ruth Mace (2005) Helpful grandmothers in rural Ethiopia: A study of the effect of kin on child survival and growth. Evolution and Human Behavior 26:469-482.

Gillespie, Duncan, Andrew Russell, and Virpi Lummaa (2008) When fecundity does not equal fitness: Evidence of an offspring quantity vs. quality trade-off in pre-industrial humans. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B 275:713-722.

Hagen, Edward H., H. Clark Barrett, and Michael E. Price (2006) Do human parents face a quantity-quality tradeoff? Evidence from a Shuar community. American J. of Physical Anthropology 130:405-418.

Hames, Raymond and Patricia Draper (2004) Women's work, child care, and helpers-at-the-nest in a hunter-gatherer society. Human Nature 15(4):319-341.

Hawkes, Kristen, James F. O'Connell, and Nicholas G. Blurton Jones (2001) Hunting and nuclear families:  some lessons from the Hadza about men's work. Current Anthropology 42(5):681-709.

Hewlett, Barry, et al. (2000) Parental investment strategies among Aka foragers, Ngandu farmers, and Euro-American urban industrialists.  In Adaptation and human behavior: An anthropological perspective, ed. Lee Cronk, Napoleon Chagnon, and William Irons, pp. 155-178.  Hawthorne, NY: Aldine de Gruyter.

Hill, Kim and A. Magdalena Hurtado (1995) Ache life history: The ecology and demography of a foraging people (chs 8-10 & 12).  Hawthorne, NY: Aldine de Gruyter.

Holden, Clare Janaki, Rebecca Sear, and Ruth Mace (2003) Matriliny as daughter-biased investment. Evolution and Human Behavior 24(2):99-112.

Ivey, Paula (2000) Forest hunter-gatherers:  who cares for Efe infants? Current Anthropology 41:856-866.

Kaplan, Hillard, et al. (2002) Evolutionary approach to below replacement fertility. American Journal of Human Biology 14(2):233-256.

Leonetti, Donna L., et al. (2004) Do women really need marital partners for support of their reproductive success?  The case of the matrilineal Khasi of N.E. India. Research in Economic Anthropology 23:151-174.

Mace, Ruth (1996) Biased parental investment and reproductive success among Gabbra pastoralists. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 38:75-81.

Mace, Ruth (2008) Reproducing in cities. Science 319(5864):764-766.

Marlowe, Frank (2003) A critical period for provisioning by Hadza men: implications for pair bonding. Evolution and Human Behavior 24:217-229.

Marlowe, Frank W. (2001) Male contribution to diet and female reproductive success among foragers. Current Anthropology 42(5):755-760.

Meehan, Courtney L. (2005) The effects of residential locality on parental and alloparental investment among the Aka foragers of the Central African Republic. Human Nature 16(1):58-80.

Quinlan, Robert J. (2008) Human pair-bonds: Evolutionary functions, ecological variation, and adaptive development. Evolutionary Anthropology 17(5):227-238.

Quinlan, Robert J., Marsha B. Quinlan, and Mark V. Flinn (2005) Local resource enhancement and sex-biased breastfeeding in a Caribbean community. Current Anthropology 46(3):471-480.

Rende Taylor, Lisa (2005) Dangerous trade-offs: The behavioral ecology of child labor and prostitution in rural Northern Thailand. Current Anthropology 46(3):411-431.

Sellen, Daniel W. and Daniel J. Hruschka (2004) Extracted-food resource-defense polygyny in native western North American societies at contact. Current Anthropology 45(5):707-714.

Sellen, Daniel W., Monique Borgerhoff Mulder, and Daniela Sieff (2000) Fertility, offspring quality, and wealth in Datoga pastoralists: testing evolutionary models of intersexual selection.  In Adaptation and human behavior: An anthropological perspective, ed. Lee Cronk, Napoleon Chagnon, and William Irons, pp. 91-114.  Hawthorne, NY: Aldine de Gruyter.

Smith, Eric Alden (2005) Why do good hunters have higher reproductive success? Human Nature 15(4):342-363.

Strassman, Beverly I. and Alice L. Clarke (1998) Ecological constraints on marriage in rural Ireland. Evolution and Human Behavior 19:35-55.

Voland, Eckart and Robin I. M. Dunbar (1995) Resource competition and reproduction: the relationship between economic and parental strategies in the Krummhorn populations (1720-1874). Human Nature 6:33-50.

Waynforth, David, A. Magdalena Hurtado, and Kim Hill (1998) Environmentally contingent reproductive strategies in Mayan and Ache males. Evolution and Human Behavior 19:369-385.

Wilson, Margo and Martin Daly (1997) Life expectancy, economic inequality, homicide, and reproductive timing in Chicago neighbourhoods. BMJ (British Medical Journal) 314:1271-1274.

Wood, Brian and Kim Hill (2000) A test of the "showing-off" hypothesis with Ache hunters. Current Anthropology 41(1):124-125.

Wood, Brian M. (2006) Prestige or provisioning? A test of foraging goals among the Hadza. Current Anthropology 47(2):383-387.

Foraging Systems

[There are tons of sources on hunter-gatherer ecology; below is just a small sample.  If this is your topic, the best plan is to choose your main reading from the following list (any will be fine, even though I didn’t highlight them), then ask Eric for suggestions on additional background readings.]

Altman, Jon C. (1984) Hunter-gatherer subsistence production in Arnhem Land: the original affluence hypothesis re-examined. Mankind 14:179-90.

Bliege Bird, Rebecca L. (2007) Fishing and the sexual division of labor among the Meriam. American Anthropologist 109:442-451.

Bliege Bird, Rebecca L. and Douglas W. Bird (2008) Why women hunt: Risk and contemporary foraging in a Western Desert Aboriginal community. Current Anthropology 49(4):655-693.

Gurven, Michael and Kim Hill (2009) Why Do Men Hunt? A Reevaluation of "Man the Hunter" and the Sexual Division of Labor. Current Anthropology 50(1):51-74.

Hawkes, Kristen, James F. O'Connell, and Nicholas G. Blurton Jones (1997) Hadza women's time allocation, offspring provisioning, and the evolution of long postmenopausal life spans. Current Anthropology 38:551-577.

Hurtado, Ana Magdalena and Kim R. Hill (1990) Seasonality in a foraging society: variation in diet, work effort, fertility, and sexual division of labor among the Hiwi of Venezuela.  Journal of Anthropological Research 46:293-346.

Scelza, Brooke and Rebecca Bliege Bird (2008) Group structure and female cooperative networks in Australia's Western Desert. Human Nature 19(3):231-248.

Wiessner, Polly (2002) Hunting, healing, and hxaro exchange:  a long term perspective on !Kung (Ju/'hoansi) large-game hunting. Evolution and Human Behavior 23(6):407-436.

Agricultural Origins

Barlow, K. Renee (2002) Predicting maize agriculture among the Fremont: an economic comparison of farming and foraging in the American Southwest. American Antiquity 67(1):65-88.

Bellwood, Peter (2004) First farmers: The origins of agricultural societies.  Oxford: Blackwell.

Dewar, Robert E. (2003) Rainfall variability and subsistence systems in southeast Asia and the western Pacific. Current Anthropology 44(3):369-388.

Diamond, Jared (2002) Evolution, consequences and future of plant and animal domestication. Nature *(6898):700-707.

Gremillion, Kristen J. (2004) Seed processing and the origins of food production in eastern North America. American Antiquity 69(2):215-233.

Harris, David R. (1989) An evolutionary continuum of people-plant interaction.  In Foraging and Farming: The Evolution of Plant Exploitation, ed. D.R. Harris and G.C. Hillman, pp. 11-25.  London: Unwin Hyman.

Hayden, Brian (1992) Models of domestication.  In Transitions to agriculture in prehistory, ed. Anne Birgitte Gebauer and T. Douglas Price, pp. 11-19.  Madison, WI: Prehistory Press.

Kennett, Douglas J. and Bruce Winterhalder, eds. (2006) Behavioral ecology and the transition to agriculture.  Berkeley, CA: U. of California Press.  [selected chapters]

Richerson, Peter J., Robert Boyd, and Robert L. Bettinger (2001) Was agriculture impossible during the Pleistocene but mandatory during the Holocene?  A climate change hypothesis. American Antiquity 66(3):387-411.

Smith, Bruce D. (2001) The transition to food production.  In Archaeology at the millenium:  a sourcebook, ed. G. Feinman and T.D. Price, pp. 199-229.  NY: Kluwer/Plenum.

Smith, Bruce D. (2007) Niche construction and the behavioral context of plant and animal domestication. Evolutionary Anthropology 16(5):188-199.

Zeder, Melinda A. (2006) Central questions in the domestication of plants and animals. Evolutionary Anthropology 15(3):105-117.

Swidden & Tropical Forests

Beckerman, Stephen (1983) Does the swidden ape the jungle? Human Ecology 11(2): 1-12.

Beckerman, Stephen (1987) Swidden in Amazonia and the Amazon Rim. In Comparative Farming Systems, ed. B. L. Turner II and Stephen B. Brush, pp. 55-94.  New York: Guilford Press.

Clay, Daniel and Laurence A. Lewis (1990) Land use, soil loss, and sustainable agriculture in Rwanda. Human Ecology 18: 147-162.

Denevan, William M. and Christine Padoch, eds. (1987)  Swidden-fallow agroforestry in the Peruvian Amazon.  Advances in Economic Botany 5:1-107.

Denevan, W. M. and Treacy, J. M. (1987) Young managed fallows at Brillo Nuevo. Advances in Economic Botany 5:8-46.

Dove, Michael (1983) Theories of swidden agriculture, and the political economy of ignorance.  Agroforestry Systems 1: 85-99.

Fox, Jefferson, et al. (2009) Policies, political-economy, and swidden in Southeast Asia. Human Ecology 37(3):305-322.

Freire, G.N. (2007) Indigenous shifting cultivation and the new Amazonia: A Piaroa example of economic articulation. Human Ecology 34(6):681-696.

Mertz, Ole, et al. (2009) Swidden change in Southeast Asia: Understanding causes and consequences. Human Ecology 37(3):259-264.

Johnson, Allen W. (1974) Ethnoecology and planting practices in a swidden agricultural system. American Ethnologist 1: 87-101.

Moran, Emilio F. (1991) Human adaptive strategies in Amazonian blackwater ecosystems. American Anthropologist 93: 361-382

Padoch, Christine, Emily Harwell, and Adi Susanto (1998) Swidden, sawah, and in-between: agricultural transformation in Borneo. Human Ecology 26(1):3-20.

Rerkasem, Kanok, et al. (2009) Consequences of swidden transitions for crop and fallow biodiversity in Southeast Asia. Human Ecology 37(3):347-360.

Reyes-Garcia, V, et al. (2008) Ethnobotanical knowledge and crop diversity in swidden fields: A study in a native Amazonian society. Human Ecology 36(4):569-580.

Rival, Laura and Doyle McKey (2008) Domestication and diversity in manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz ssp. esculenta, Euphorbiaceae). Current Anthropology 49(6):1119-1128.

Toledo, M. and J. Salick 2006. Secondary succession and indigenous management in semi-deciduous forest fallows of the Amazon Basin. Biotropica 38:161-170.

Wilkie, D.S., et al. (1998) Modeling the sustainability of subsistence farming and hunting in the Ituri forest of Zaire. Conservation Biology 12(1):137-147.

Agricultural Intensification

Bardhan, Pranab (2000) Irrigation and cooperation: an empirical analysis of 48 irrigation communities in South India. Economic Development and Cultural Change 48:847-865.

Brookfield, H. and C. Padoch (1994) Appreciating agrodiversity: a look at the dynamism and diversity of indigenous farming practices. Environment 36(5):*.

Connelly, W.T. (1992) Agricultural intensification in a Philippine frontier community: Impact on labor efficiency and farm diversity. Human Ecology 20:203-223.

Denevan, William M. (2001) Cultivated landscapes of Native Amazonia and the Andes.  NY: Oxford U. Press.

Doolittle, William E. (1992) Agriculture in North America on the eve of contact: A reassessment. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 82(3):386-401.

Doolittle, William E. (2000) Cultivated landscapes of Native North America.  NY: Oxford U. Press.

Feynman, Joan and Alexander Ruzmaikin (2007) Climate stability and the development of agricultural societies. Climatic Change 84(3/4):295-311.

Fisher, Christopher T (2005) Demographic and landscape change in the Lake Pátzcuaro Basin, Mexico: Abandoning the garden. American Anthropologist 107(1):87-95.

Humphries, Sally (1993) The intensification of traditional agriculture among Yucatec Maya farmers: Facing up to the dilemma of livelihood sustainability. Human Ecology 21:87-102.

Hunt, Robert C. (2000) Labor productivity and agricultural development: Boserup revisited. Human Ecology 28(2):251-277.

Krausmann, Fridolin (2004) Milk, manure, and muscle power: Livestock and the transformation of preindustrial agriculture in central Europe. Human Ecology 32(6):735-772.

Ladefoged, Thegn N. and Michael W. Graves (2000) Evolutionary theory and the historical development of dry-land agriculture in North Kohala, Hawai'i. American Antiquity 65(3):423-448.

Ladefoged, Thegn N. and Michael W. Graves (2008) Variable Development of Dryland Agriculture in Hawai'i A Fine-Grained Chronology from the Kohala Field System, Hawai'i Island. Current Anthropology 49(5):771-802.

Lee, Charlotte, Shripad Tuljapurkar, and Peter Vitousek (2006) Risky business: Temporal and spatial variation in preindustrial dryland agriculture. Human Ecology 34(6):739-763.

Lees, Susan H. (1994) Irrigation and society. Journal of Archaeological Research 2:361-378.  

Netting, Robert M. (1993) Smallholders, householders: farm families and the ecology of intensive, sustainable agriculture.  Stanford: Stanford U. Press.

Padoch, Christine, Emily Harwell and Adi Susanto (1998) Swidden, sawah, and in-between: Agricultural transformation in Borneo. Human Ecology 26(1):3-20.

Siren, A.H. (2007) Population growth and land use intensification in a subsistence-based indigenous community in the Amazon. Human Ecology 34(6):669-680.

Stone, Glen Davis (1996) Settlement ecology: the social and spatial organization of Kofyar agriculture.  Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.

Toledo, Victor M. (1991) Patzcuaro's lesson: nature, production, and culture in an indigenous region of Mexico.  In Biodiversity: culture, conservation, and ecodevelopment, ed. M.L. Oldfield and J.B. Alcorn, pp. 147-171.  Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Vasey, Daniel (1992) An ecological history of agriculture: 10.000 B.C. - A.D. 10,000.  Ames, IA: Iowa State U Press.

Whitmore, Thomas and B. L. Turner (2001) Cultivated landscapes of Middle America on the eve of conquest.  NY: Oxford U. Press.

Pastoralism

Angassa, A. and G. Oba (2008) Herder perceptions on impacts of range enclosures, crop farming, fire ban and bush encroachment on the rangelands of Borana, Southern Ethiopia. Human Ecology 36(2):201-215.

Adriansen, H.K. and T.T. Nielsen (2002) Going where the grass is greener: On the study of pastoral mobility in Ferlo, Senegal. Human Ecology 30(2):215-226.

Baker, Laura and M. Hoffman (2006) Managing variability:  Herding strategies in communal rangelands of semiarid Namaqualand, South Africa. Human Ecology 34(6):765-784.

Beach, Hugh (2000) Reindeer-pastoralism politics in Sweden: protecting the environment and designing the herder.  In Negotiating nature: Culture, power, and environmental argument, ed. Alf Hornborg and Gilsi Palsson, pp. 179-211.  Lund, Sweden: Lund U. Press.

Beach, Hugh (2004) Political ecology in Swedish Saamiland.  In Cultivating arctic landscapes: knowing and managing animals in the circumpolar north, ed. David G. Anderson and Mark Nuttall, pp. 110-123.  NY and Oxford: Berghahn.

Bennett, J. and H. Barrett (2007) Rangeland as a common property resource: Contrasting insights from communal areas of central Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Human Ecology 35(1):97-112.

Bloom, Gabrielle and Paul W. Sherman (2005) Dairying barriers affect the distribution of lactose malabsorption. Evolution and Human Behavior 26(3):301-312.

Coppolillo, Peter B. (2000) The landscape ecology of pastoral herding: spatial analysis of land use and livestock production in East Africa. Human Ecology 28(4):527-560.

Cougenhour, M.B., J.E. Ellis, D.M. Swift, D.L. Coopock, K. Galvin, J.T. McCabe, and T.C. Hart (1985) Energy extraction and use in a nomadic pastoral ecosystem. Science 230: 619-25.

Dwyer, MJ and KV Istomin (2008) Theories of nomadic movement: A new theoretical approach for understanding the movement decisions of Nenets and Komi reindeer herders. Human Ecology 36(4):521-533.

Dyson-Hudson, Rada and Neville Dyson-Hudson (1980) Nomadic pastoralism. Annual Review of Anthropology 9:15-61.

Fratkin, Elliot (1997) Pastoralism:  governance and development issues. Annual Review of Anthropology 26:235-261.

Galaty, John G. and Pierre Bonte, eds. (1991) Herders, warriors, and traders:  Pastoralism in Africa.  Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Galaty, John G. and Douglas L. Johnson, eds. (1990) The World of Pastoralism:  Herding Systems in Comparative Perspective.  New York: Guilford.

Gray, S., et al. (2003) Cattle raiding, cultural survival, and adaptability of East African pastoralists. Current Anthropology 44(12):S3-S30.

Holden, Clare J. and Ruth Mace (2005) 'The cow is the enemy of matriliny': using phylogenetic methods to investigate cultural evolution in Africa.  In The evolution of cultural diversity: a phylogenetic approach, ed. Ruth Mace, Holden and Steven Shennan, pp. 217-234.  London: UCL Press.

Lesorogol, Carolyn K. (2003) Transforming institutions among pastoralists:  inequality and land privatization. American Anthropologist 105(3):531-542.

Little, Peter D. (1996) Pastoralism, biodiversity, and the shaping of savanna landscapes in east Africa. Africa 66(1):37-51.

Mace, Ruth (1993) Nomadic pastoralists adopt subsistence strategies that maximise long-term household survival. Behavioral Ecology 33:329-334.

Mace, Ruth (1993) Pastoralist strategies for survival in unpredictable environments: a model of herd composition that maximises household viability. Agricultural Systems 31:185-204.

MBow, C., T.T. Nielsen, and K. Rasmussen (2000) Savanna fires in east-central Senegal: distribution patterns, resource management and perceptions.  Human Ecology 28(4):561-583.

McCabe, J. Terrence (1990) Turkana pastoralism: a case against the tragedy of the commons. Human Ecology 18: 81-103.

McPeak, John (2005) Individual and collective rationality in pastoral production: Evidence from Northern Kenya. Human Ecology 33(2):171-197.

Ruttan, Lore M. and Monique Borgerhoff Mulder (1999) Are East African pastoralists truly conservationists? Current Anthropology 40:621-652.

Sieff, Daniela F. (1997) Herding strategies of the Datoga pastoralists of Tanzania: is household labor a limiting factor. Human Ecology 25(4):519-544.

Vries, Danny, Paul Leslie, and J. McCabe (2006) Livestock Acquisitions Dynamics in Nomadic Pastoralist Herd Demography: A Case Study Among Ngisonyoka Herders of South Turkana, Kenya. Human Ecology 34(1):1-25.

Group Dynamics & Settlement Patterns

Adriansen, H.K. and T.T. Nielsen (2002) Going where the grass is greener: On the study of pastoral mobility in Ferlo, Senegal. Human Ecology 30(2):215-226.

Alvard, Michael S. (2003) Kinship, lineage, and an evolutionary perspective on the structure of cooperative big game hunting groups in Indonesia. Human Nature 14(2):129-163.

Bogale, Ayalneh and Benedikt Korf (2009) Resource entitlement and mobility of pastoralists in the Yerer and Daketa valleys, Eastern Ethiopia. Human Ecology 37(4):453-462.

Clarke, Alice L. (1993) Women, resources, and dispersal in nineteenth-century Sweden. Human Nature 4:109-135.

Fitzhugh, Ben and J. Habu, ed. (2002) Beyond foraging and collecting: Evolutionary change in hunter-gatherer settlement systems.  NY: Kluwer/Plenum Press.

Hames, Raymond B. (1983)  The settlement pattern of a Yanomamo population bloc: a behavioral ecological interpretation.  In Adaptive Responses of Native Amazonians, ed. R. Hames and W.T. Vickers, pp. 393-427.  New York: Academic Press.

Kennett, Douglas J., Atholl Anderson, and Bruce Winterhalder (2006) The ideal free distribution, food production, and the colonization of Oceania.  In Behavioral ecology and the transition to agriculture, ed. Douglas J. Kennett and Bruce Winterhalder, pp. 265-288.  Berkeley, CA: U. of California Press.

Roscoe, Paul B. (2006) Fish, game, and the foundations of complexity in forager society: The evidence from New Guinea. Cross-Cultural Research 40:29-46.

Small, Christopher and Joel E. Cohen (2004) Continental physiography, climate, and the global distribution of human population. Current Anthropology 45(2):269-276.

Sosis, Richard (2000) Religion and intragroup cooperation:  preliminary results of a comparative anaysis of utopian communities. Cross-Cultural Research 34(1):70-87.

Sosis, Richard (2002) Patch choice decisions among Ifaluk foragers. American Anthropologist 104:583-598.

Towner, Mary C. (2002) Linking dispersal and marriage in humans: life history data from Oakham, Massachusetts. Evolution and Human Behavior 23(5):337-357.

Whallon, Robert (2006) Social networks and information: Non-"utilitarian" mobility among hunter-gatherers. J. of Anthropological Archaeology 25(2):259-270.

Land (and Marine) Tenure

Acheson, James A. (1987) The Lobster Fiefs Revisited: Economic and Ecological Effects of Territoriality in the Maine Lobster Industry.  In The Question of the Commons:  The Culture and Ecology of Communal Resources, ed. Bonnie J. McCay and James M. Acheson, pp 37-65.  Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.

Acheson, James and Roy J. Gardner (2004) Strategies, conflict, and the emergence of territoriality: the case of the Maine lobster industry. American Anthropologist 106(2):296-307.

Andrews, Elizabeth F. (1994) Territoriality and land use among the Akulmiut of Western Alaska.  In Key issues in hunter-gatherer research, ed. Ernest S. Burch, Jr. and Linda J. Ellanna, pp. 65-93.  Oxford/Providence: Berg.

Ashenafi, Zelealem and N. Leader-Williams (2005) Indigenous common property resource management in the central highlands of Ethiopia. Human Ecology 33(4):539-563.

Aswani, Shankar (1999) Common property models of sea tenure: a case study from the Roviana and Vonavona Lagoons, New Georgia, Solomon Islands. Human Ecology 27(3):417-453.

Bennett, J. and H. Barrett (2007) Rangeland as a common property resource: Contrasting insights from communal areas of central Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Human Ecology 35(1):97-112.

Casimir, Michael J. (1992) The determinants of rights to pasture: territorial organisation and ecological constraints.  In Mobility and Territoriality, ed. M.J. Casimir and A. Rao, pp. 153-203. Oxford: Berg.

Eerkens, Jelmer W. (1999) Common pool resources, buffer zones, and jointly owned territories: Hunter-gatherer land and resource tenure in Fort Irwin, southeastern California. Human Ecology 27:297-318.

Eerkens, Jelmer W. (2004) Privatization, small-seed intensification, and the origins of pottery in the western Great Basin. American Antiquity 69(4):653-670.

Ensminger, Jean and Andrew Rutten (1991) The political economy of changing property rights: dismantling a pastoral commons.  American Ethnologist 18:683-699.

Fernandez-Gimenez, M.E. (2002) Spatial and social boundaries and the paradox of pastoral land tenure: A case study from postsocialist Mongolia. Human Ecology 30(1):49-78.

Gibson, D. Blair (2008) Chiefdoms and the emergence of private property in land. J. of Anthropological Archaeology 27(1):46-62.

Hitchcock, Robert K. (1995) Indigenous peoples, resource management, and traditional tenure systems in African dryland environments.  In Social aspects of sustainable dryland management, ed. Daniel Stiles, pp. 153-175.  Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Kohler, Timothy A. (1992) Field houses, villages, and the tragedy of the commons in the early Northern Anasazi Southwest. American Antiquity 57(4):617-635.

McKean, Margaret A. (1992) Success on the commons: a comparative examination of institutions for common property resources management. J. of Theoretical Politics 4:247-281.

Orlove, Benjamin S.  (1978)  The tragedy of the commons revisited:   Land use and environmental quality in high-altitude Andean grasslands.   In Proceedings of the International Hill Symposium.   Luchok, J., J.D. Cawthon, and M.J. Breslin, eds.  Pp. 208-214.  Morgantown, WV: West Virginia University Books. 

Ostrom, Elinor, et al. (1999) Revisiting the commons: local lessons, global challenges. Science 284:278-282.

Peluso, Nancy Lee (1996) Fruit trees and family trees in an anthropogenic forest:  ethics of access, property zones, and environmental change in Indonesia. Comparative Studies in Society and History *:510-548.

Ruttan, Lore M. (1998) Closing the commons: cooperation for gain or restraint? Human Ecology 26(1):43-66.

Ruttan, Lore M. (2006) Sociocultural heterogeneity and the commons. Current Anthropology 47(5):843-853.

Stern, P.C., et al. (2002) Knowledge and questions after fifteen years of research.  In The drama of the commons, ed. E. Ostrom, pp. 445-489.  Washington, D.C.: National Research Council.

Thomas, Frank R. (2001) Remodeling marine tenure on the atolls: A case study from Western Kiribati, Micronesia. Human Ecology 29(4):399-423.

Reciprocity & Subsistence Risk

Agrawal, Arun (1993) Mobility and cooperation among nomadic shepherds: the case of the Raikas. Human Ecology 21:261-279.

Alvard, Michael S. and David Nolin (2002) Rousseau's whale hunt? Coordination among big-game hunters. Current Anthropology 43(4):533-559.

Axelrod, Paul and Michelle Fuerch (2006) Common ground: Risk, scarcity, and shared resources in Goan agriculture. Human Ecology 34(1):1-25.

Gurven, Michael, et al. (2000) "It's a wonderful life": signaling generosity among the Ache of Paraguay. Evolution and Human Behavior 21(4):263-282.

Gurven, Michael, et al. (2001) Reservation food sharing among the Ache of Paraguay. Human Nature 12(4):273-297.

Gurven, Michael (2004) Reciprocal altruism and food sharing decisions among Hiwi and Ache hunter-gatherers. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 56:366-380.

Hadley, Craig (2004) The costs and benefits of kin: Kin networks and children's health among the Pimbwe of Tanzania. Human Nature 15(4):377-395.

Hames, Raymond B. (1990) Sharing among the Yanomamö, Part I: The effects of risk.  In Risk and Uncertainty in Tribal and Peasant Economies, ed. E. Cashdan, pp. 89-105.  Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Hames, Raymond B. (2000) Reciprocal altruism in Yanomamö food exchange.  In Adaptation and human behavior: An anthropological perspective, ed. Lee Cronk, Napoleon Chagnon, and William Irons, pp. 3397-416.  Hawthorne, NY: Aldine de Gruyter.

Kaplan, Hillard, Kim Hill, and A. Magdelena Hurtado (1990) Fitness, foraging and food sharing among the Ache.  In Risk and Uncertainty in Tribal and Peasant Economies, ed. E. Cashdan, pp. 107-143.  Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Kohler, Timothy A. and C. van West (1996) The calculus of self-interest in the development of cooperation: sociopolitical development and risk among the northern Anasazi.  In Evolving complexity and environment: trade in the prehistoric southwest, ed. J.A. Tainter and B. Bagley-Tainter, pp. 169-196.  Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

Kuznar, Lawrence A. (2001) Risk sensitivity and value among Andean pastoralists: measures, models, and empirical tests. Current Anthropology 42(3):432-440.

Lansing, J. Stephen (2000) Anti-chaos, common property, and the emergence of cooperation.  In Dynamics in human and primate societies, ed. Timothy A. Kohler and George J. Gumerman, pp. 207-223.  Oxford: Oxford U. Press.

Marlowe, Frank W. (2004) What explains Hadza food sharing? Research in Economic Anthropology 23:69-88.

Palmer, Craig T. (1991) Kin-selection, reciprocal altruism, and information sharing among Maine lobstermen. Ethology and Sociobiology 12:221-235.

Patton, John Q. (2005) Meat sharing for coalitional support. Evolution and Human Behavior 26(2):137-157.

Sugiyama, Lawrence S. (2004) Patterns of Shiwiar health insults indicate that provisioning during health crises reduces juvenile mortality. Research in Economic Anthropology 23:379-402.

Sugiyama, Lawrence and Michelle Scalise Sugiyama (2003) Social roles, prestige, and health risk: social niche specialization as a risk-buffering strategy. Human Nature 14(2):165-190.

Tucker, Bram (2004) Giving, scrounging, hiding, and selling: minimal food sharing among Mikea of Madagascar. Research in Economic Anthropology 23:45-68.

Ecological Competition & Warfare

      a. Highland New Guinea [if present on this sub-topic, read all of following articles]

Sillitoe, Paul (1977)  Land shortage and war in New Guinea.  Ethnology 16: 71-81.

Ember, Melvin (1982)  Statistical evidence for an ecological explanation of warfare.  American Anthropologist 84: 645-49.

Ember, Melvin (1986)  Warfare, culture, and environment.  American Anthropologist 88(2): 463-4.

Shankman, Paul (1991)  Culture contact, cultural ecology, and Dani warfare.  Man 26: 299-321.

Soltis, Joseph, Robert Boyd, and Peter J. Richerson (1995) Can group-functional behaviors evolve by cultural group selection?  An empirical test. Current Anthropology 36:473-483.

      b. Amazonia [if present on this sub-topic, read all of following articles]

Chagnon, Napoleon A. (1988) Life histories, blood revenge, and warfare in a tribal population. Science 239:985-92.

Chagnon, Napoleon A. (1989) Response to Ferguson. American Ethnologist 16:565-9.

Chagnon, Napolean A. and Raymond Hames (1979) Protein deficiency and tribal warfare in Amazonia: new data. Science 203: 910-13.

Chagnon, Napoleon A. and Raymond B. Hames (1980) Amazon warfare. Science 207:590-92.

Ferguson, R. Brian (1989) Do Yanomamo killers have more kids? American Ethnologist 16:564-5.

Ferguson, R. Brian (1989) Ecological consequences of Amazonian warfare. Ethnology 28:249-264.

Harris, Marvin (1984) Animal capture and Yanamamo warfare: retrospect and new evidence. J. of Anthropological Research 40: 183-201.

      c. Other

Durham, William H. (1979) Scarcity and Survival in Central America: Ecological Causes of the Soccer War (pages 1-9. 21-62, & 169-173).  Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

Flannery, Kent V. and Joyce Marcus (2003) The origin of war:  new 14C dates from ancient Mexico. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 100(20):11801-11805.

Fleisher, Michael L. and Garth J. Holloway (2004) The problem with boys:  bridewealth accumulation, sibling gender, and the propensity to participate in cattle raiding among the Kuria of Tanzania. Current Anthropology 45(2):284-288.

Fratkin, Elliot (2006) Cattle bring us to our enemies: Turkana ecology, politics, and raiding in a disequilibrium system. Human Ecology 34(1):147-149.

Kantner, J. (1999) Survival cannibalism or sociopolitical intimidation?  Explaining perimortem mutiliation in the American southwest. Human Nature 10(1):1-50.

Kolb, M.J. and B. Dixon (2002) Landscapes of war: Rules and conventions of conflict in ancient Hawai'i (and elsewhere). American Antiquity 67(3):514-534.

Lekson, Stephen (2002) War in the Southwest, war in the world. American Antiquity 67(4):607-624.

Mesquida, Christian G. and Neil I. Wiener (1996) Human collective aggression: a behavioral ecology perspective. Ethology and Sociobiology 17(4):247-262.

Miguel, Edward, Sanker Satyanath, and Ernest Sergenti (2004) Economic shocks and civil conflict:  an instrumental variables approach. J. of Political Economy 112(4):725-753.

Patton, John Q. (2000) Reciprocal altruism and warfare: a case from the Ecuadorian Amazon.  In Adaptation and human behavior: An anthropological perspective, ed. Lee Cronk, Napoleon Chagnon, and William Irons, pp. 417-436.  Hawthorne, NY: Aldine de Gruyter.

Spencer, Charles S. (2003) War and early state formation in Oaxaca, Mexico. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 100(20):11185-11187.

Zhang, D.D., et al. (2007) Climate change and war frequency in eastern China over the last millennium. Human Ecology 35(4):403-414.

Ecology & Stratification

Ames, Kenneth M. (1995) Chiefly power and household production on the Northwest Coast.  In Foundations of social inequality, ed. T. Douglas Price and Gary M. Feinman, pp. 155-187.  NY: Plenum Press.

Ames, Kenneth M. (2001) Slaves, chiefs and labour on the northern Northwest Coast. World Archaeology 33:1-17.

Arnold, Jeanne E. (1993) Labor and the rise of complex hunter-gatherers. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 12:75-119.

Arnold, Jeanne E. (2000) The origins of hierarchy and the nature of hierarchical structures in prehistoric California.  In Hierarchies in Action:  Cui Bono? ed. Michael W. Diehl, pp. 221-240.  Carbondale, IL: Center for Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois University.

Aswani, Shankar and Michael W. Graves (1998) The Tongan maritime expansion: a case in the evolutionary ecology of social complexity. Asian Perspectives 37(2):135-164.

Bird, Douglas W. and Rebecca Bliege Bird (in press) Competing to be leaderless: Food sharing and magnanimity among Martu aborigines.  In The Emergence Of Leadership: Transitions In Decision Making From Small-Scale To Middle-Range Societies, ed. J. Kantner, K. Vaughn, and J. Eerkins, pp. *.  Santa Fe: SAR Press.

Bishop, Charles A. (1987) Coast-interior exchange: the origins of stratification in northwestern North America.  Arctic Anthropology 24: 72-83.

Boone, James L. (1988) Parental investment, social subordination, and population processes among the 15th and 16th century Portuguese nobility.  In Human Reproductive Behavior: A Darwinian Perspective, ed. Laura Betzig, Monique Borgerhoff Mulder, and Paul Turke.  pp. 201-219.  Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.

Boone, James L. (1998) The evolution of magnanimity:  when is it better to give than to receive? Human Nature 9(1):1-21.

Boone, James L. and Karen L. Kessler (1999) More status or more children?  Social status, fertility reduction, and long-term fitness. Evolution and Human Behavior 20(4):257-277.

Donald, Leland and Donald H. Mitchell (1994) Nature and culture on the northwest coast of North America: The case of the Wakashan salmon resources.  In Key issues in hunter-gatherer research, ed. Ernest S. Burch, Jr. and Linda J. Ellanna, pp. 95-117.  Oxford/Providence: Berg.

Halstead, P., O'Shea, J. 1982. A friend in need is a friend indeed: social storage and the origins of social ranking. In Ranking, resource and exchange: aspects of the archaeology of early European society, ed. C. Renfrew, S. Shennan, pp. 92-99. Cambridge: Cambridge U. Press.

Hayden, Brian (2001) Richman, poorman, beggarman, chief:  the dynamics of social inequality.  In Archaeology at the millenium:  a sourcebook, ed. G. Feinman and T.D. Price, pp. 231-272.  NY: Kluwer/Plenum.

Maschner, Herbert G. D. (1991) The emergence of cultural complexity on the Northwest Coast. Antiquity 65:924-934.

Park, Thomas K. (1992) Early trends toward class stratification:  Chaos, common property, and flood recession agriculture. American Anthropologist 94:90-117.

Peoples, James G. (1993)  Political evolution in Micronesia.  Ethnology 32:1-17.

Plourde, Aimée M. (2008) The origins of prestige goods as honest signals of skill and knowledge. Human Nature 19(4):374-388.

Wesson, C. (1999) Chiefly power and food storage in southeastern North America. World Archaeology 31:145-164.

Niche Theory & Cultural Diversity

Bye, Robert and Edelmira Linares (2000) Relationships between Mexican ethnobotanical diversity and indigenous peoples.  In Biodiversity and native America, ed. Paul E. Minnis and Wayne J. Elisens, pp. 44-73.  Norman, OK: U of Oklahoma Press.

Carlson, Thomas (2001) Language, ethnobotanical knowledge, and tropical public health.  In Language, knowledge, and the environment: The interdependence of biological and cultural diversity, ed. Luisa Maffi, pp. 489-502.  Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.

Cashdan, Elizabeth (2001) Ethnic diversity and its environmental determinants: effects of climate, pathogens, and habitat diversity. American Anthropologist 103(4):968-991.

Collard, Ian F. and Robert A. Foley (2002) Latitudinal patterns and environmental determinants of recent human cultural diversity: do humans follow biogeographical rules? Evolutionary Ecology Research 2002(4):371-383.

Gunn, Joel D. (1994) Global climate and regional biocultural diversity.  In Historical ecology: cultural knowledge and changing landscapes, ed. Carole L. Crumley, pp. 67-98.  Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research Press.

Harmon, David (1996) Losing species, losing languages: Connections between biological and linguistic diversity. Southwestern J. of Linguistics 15:89-108.

Harmon, David and J. Loh (2004) The IBCD: a measure of the world’s biocultural diversity. Policy Matters 13:271-280.

Horowitz, Michael M. (1972) Ethnic boundary maintenance among pastoralists and farmers in the western Sudan (Niger).  In Perspectives on Nomadism, ed. W.G. Irons and N. Dyson-Hudson, pp. 105-14.  Leiden: Brill.

Lizarralde, Manuel (2001) Biodiversity and loss of indigenous languages and knowledge in South America.  In Language, knowledge, and the environment: The interdependence of biological and cultural diversity, ed. Luisa Maffi, pp. 265-281.  Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.

Mace, Ruth and Mark Pagel (1995) A latitudinal gradient in the density of human languages in North America. PRS, B 261:117-121.

Maffi, Luisa, ed. (2001) Language, knowledge, and the environment: The interdependence of biological and cultural diversity.  Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.

Moore, Joslin L., et al. (2002) The distribution of biological and cultural diversity in Africa. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B 269(1501):1645-1653.

Nettle, Daniel (1996) Language diversity in West Africa: an ecological approach. J. of Anthropological Archaeology 15:403-438.

Reyes-Garcia, Victoria, et al. (2007) Economic development and local ecological knowledge: A deadlock? Quantitative research from a native Amazonian society. Human Ecology 35(3):371-377.

Sutherland, William J. (2003) Parallel extinction risk and global distribution of languages and species. Nature 423:276-279.

Wilcox, Bruce A. and Kristin N. Duin (1995) Indigenous cultural and biological diversity: overlapping values of Latin American ecoregions. Cultural Survival Quarterly Winter, 49-53.

Zent, Stanford (2001) Acculturation and ethnobotanical knowledge loss among the Piaroa of Venezuela: demonstration of a quantitative method for the empirical study of traditional ecological knowledge change.  In Language, knowledge, and the environment: The interdependence of biological and cultural diversity, ed. Luisa Maffi, pp. 190-211.  Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.

Disease Ecology

Barrett, Ronald, et al. (1998) Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases: the third epidemilogical transition. Annual Review of Anthropology 27:247-271.

Billing, Jennifer and Paul W. Sherman (1998) Antimicrobial functions of spices: why some like it hot. The Quarterly Review of Biology 73(1):3-49.

Brown, Peter and Elizabeth Whitaker (1994) Health implications of modern agricultural transformations:  malaria and pellagra in Italy.  Human Organization 53:346-351.

Durham, William H. (1991)  Coevolution: Genes, Culture, and Human Diversity.  (Selected chapters on malaria/sickle-cell, kuru, or lactose-intolerance.)  Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Fincher, Corey L. and Randy Thornhill (2008) Assortative sociality, limited dispersal, infectious disease and the genesis of the global pattern of religion diversity. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B 275(1651):2587-2594.

Fincher, Corey L., et al. (2008) Pathogen prevalence predicts human cross-cultural variability in individualism/collectivism. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B 275(1640):1279-1285.

Nichter, Mark (1987) Kayasanur forest disease: an ethnography of a disease of development.  Medical Anthropology Quarterly 1:406-423.

Strassman, Beverly I. and Robin I.M. Dunbar (1999) Human evolution and disease: Putting the stone age in perspective.  In Evolution in health and disease, ed. Stephen C. Stearns, pp. 91-101.  NY: Oxford U. Press.

Wilkinson, Robert L. (1995) Yellow fever: ecology, epidemiology, and role in the collapse of the Classic lowland Maya civilization. Medical Anthropology 16(3):269-294.

Nutrition & Famine

Anderies, JM, BA Nelson, and AP Kinzig (2008) Analyzing the impact of agave cultivation on famine risk in arid pre-Hispanic northern Mexico. Human Ecology 36(3):409-422.

Braa, Dean M. (1997) The Great Potato Famine and the transformation of Irish peasant society. Science and Society 61(2):193-215.

Danforth, Marie Elaine (1999) Nutrition and politics in prehistory. Annual Review of Anthropology 28:1-25.

Dirks, Robert (1993) Starvation and famine: cross-cultural codes and some hypothesis tests. Cross-Cultural Research 27(1-2):28-69.

Drèze, J., Sen, A., Hussain, A., eds. 1995. The political economy of hunger:  Selected essays. New York: Oxford University Press.

Godoy, R., et al. (2007) How well do foragers protect food consumption? Panel evidence from a native Amazonian society in Bolivia. Human Ecology 35(6):723-732.

Hassig, Ross (1986) Famine and scarcity in the Valley of Mexico. Research in economic anthropology, Supplement 2:303-317.

Jackson, Fatimah (1996) The coevolutionary relationship of humans and domesticated plants. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 39:161-176.

Pedersen, J. and T.A. Benjaminsen (2008) One leg or two? Food security and pastoralism in the northern Sahel. Human Ecology 36(1):43-57.

Sellen, Daniel W. (2003) Nutritional consequences of wealth differentials in East African pastoralists: The Case of the Datoga of Northern Tanzania. Human Ecology 31(4):529-570.

Sherman, Paul W. and Jennifer Billing (1999) Darwinian gastronomy:  why we use spices. BioScience 49:453-463.

Sherman, Paul W. and Geoffrey A. Hash (2001) Why vegetable recipes are not very spicy. Evolution and Human Behavior 22(3):147-164.

Watkins, S. and J.A. Menken (1985) Famines in historical perspective. Population and Development Review 11:647-675.

Indigenous Conservation & Resource Management

      a.  Foraging Systems

Alvard, Michael S. (1998) Indigenous hunting in the neotropics: conservation or optimal foraging?  In Behavioral ecology and conservation biology, ed. Tim Caro, pp. 474-500.  New York: Oxford U Press.

Alvard, Michael S. (2000) The impact of traditional subsistence hunting and trapping on prey populations: data from the Wana of upland Sulawesi, Indonesia.  In Hunting for sustainability in tropical forests, ed. J. Robinson and E. Bennett, pp. 214-230.  NY: Columbia U. Press.

Alvard, Michael S. and Nurul Winarni (1999) Avian biodiversity in Morowali Nature Reserve, central Sulawesi, Indonesia and the impact of human subsistence activities. Tropical Biodiversity 6:59-74.

Aswani, Shankar (1998) Patterns of marine harvest effort in southwestern New Georgia, Solomon Islands: resource management or optimal foraging? Ocean & Coastal Management 40:207-235.

Brightman, Robert A. (1987) Conservation and resource depletion: the case of the Boreal Forest Algonquians.  In The question of the commons:  the culture and ecology of communal resources, ed. Bonnie J. McCay and James M. Acheson, pp. 121-141.  Tucson: U of Arizona Press.

Brook, B.W. and D.M.J.S. Bowman (2002) Explaining the Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions: Models, chronologies, and assumptions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99(23):14624-14763.

Burch Jr., Ernest S. (2007) Rationality and resource use among hunters: some Eskimo examples.  In Native Americans and the environment: Perspectives on the ecological Indian, ed. Michael E. Harkin and David R. Lewis, pp. 123-54.  Lincoln: U of Nebraska Press.

Dean, Rebecca M. (2007) Hunting intensification and the Hohokam "collapse." J. of Anthropological Archaeology 26(1):109-132.

Feit, Harvey (2007) Myths of the ecological whitemen.  In Native Americans and the environment: Perspectives on the ecological Indian, ed. Michael E. Harkin and David R. Lewis, pp. 52-94.  Lincoln: U of Nebraska Press.

Feit, Harvey A. (1987) Waswanipi Cree management of land and wildlife:  Cree ethno-ecology revisited. In Native People, Native Lands:  Canadian Indians, Inuit and Metis, ed. B. Cox, pp. 75-91. Ottawa: Carleton University Press.

Fienup-Riordan, Ann (1990) Original ecologists?  The relationship between Yup'ik Eskimos and animals.  In Eskimo essays, pp. 167-191.  New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers U. Press.

Gottesfeld, Leslie M. Johnson (1994) Conservation, territory, and traditional beliefs: an analysis of Gitksan and Wet'suwet'en subsistence, Northwest British Colulmbia, Canada. Human Ecology 22:443-465.

Grayson, Donald K. and David J. Meltzer (2003) A requiem for North American overkill. J. of Archaeological Science 30:585-593.

Guthrie, R.D. (2006) New carbon dates link climatic change with human colonization and Pleistocene extinctions. Nature 441(7090):207-209.

Hames, Raymond B. (2007) The ecologically noble savage debate. Annual Review of Anthropology 36:177-190.

Hayashida, F. (2005) Archaeology, ecological history, and conservation. Annual Review of Anthropology 34:43-65.

Hill, Kim, et al. (2000) Sustainability of Ache hunting in the Mbaracayu Reserve, Paraguay.  In Sustainability of hunting in tropical forests, ed. John Robinson and E. Bennet, pp. *.  NY: Columbia U. Press.

Hunn, Eugene S., et al. (2003) Huna Tlingit traditional environmental knowledge, conservation, and the management of a "wilderness" park. Current Anthropology 44(Supplement):S79-S103.

Kay, Charles (1994) Aboriginal overkill: The role of Native Americans in structuring western ecosystems. Human Nature 5:359-398. [also read Lyman 2004 and Yochim 2001]

Krech, Shepard (2005) Reflections on conservation, sustainability, and environmentalism in indigenous North America. American Anthropologist 107:78-86.

Krech, Shepard (2007a) Beyond the Ecological Indian.  In Native Americans and the environment: Perspectives on the ecological Indian, ed. Michael E. Harkin and David R. Lewis, pp. 3-31.  Lincoln: U of Nebraska Press.

Krech, Shepard (2007b) Afterword.  In Native Americans and the environment: Perspectives on the ecological Indian, ed. Michael E. Harkin and David R. Lewis, pp. 343-354.  Lincoln: U of Nebraska Press.

Krupnick, Igor (1993) Prehistoric Eskimo whaling in the arctic: slaughter of calves or fortuitous ecology? Arctic Anthropology 30:1-12.

Ling, S. and E. J. Milner-Gulland (2006) Assessment of the sustainability of bushmeat hunting based on dynamic bioeconomic models. Conservation Biology 20(4):1294-1299.

Lyman, R. Lee (2004) Aboriginal overkill in the Intermountain West of North America:  zooarchaeological tests and implications. Human Nature 15(2):169-208. [also read Kay 1994]

Medin, Douglas, et al. (2007) Why folkbiology matters: Resource conflict despite shared goals and knowledge. Human Ecology 35(3):315-329.

Miller, Marc L., John Kaneko, and Paul Bartram (2004) Cultural consensus analysis and environmental anthropology: yellowfin tuna fishery management in Hawaii. Cross-cultural Research 20(10):1-26.

Ohmagari, Kayo, , and Fikret Berkes (1997) Transmission of indigenous knowledge and bush skills among the Western James Bay Cree women of subarctic Canada. Human Ecology 25(2):197-222.

Porcasi, Judith F., Terry L. Jones, and L. Mark Raab (2000) Trans-Holocene marine mammal exploitation on San Clemente Island, California: a tragedy of the commons revisited. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 19:200-220.

Robinson, Catherine J., Dermot Smyth, and Peter J. Whitehead (2005) Bush tucker, bush pets, and bush threats: cooperative management of feral animals in Australia's Kakadu National Park. Conservation Biology 19(5):1385-1391.

Schweik, Charles (2000) Optimal foraging, institutions, and forest change: a case from Nepal.  In People and forests: communities, institutions, and governance, ed. Clark C. Gibson, Margaret A. McKean, and Elinor Ostrom, pp. 99-134.  Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Telfer, WR and MJ Garde (2006) Indigenous knowledge of rock kangaroo ecology in western Arnhem Land, Australia. Human Ecology 34(3):379-406.

Trosper, R. L. (2002) Northwest Coast indigenous institutions that supported resilence and sustainability. Ecological Economics 41:329-344.

Turner, Nancy J. and Fikret Berkes (2006) Coming to understanding: developing conservation through incremental learning in the Pacific Northwest. Human Ecology 34(4):495-513.

Vickers, William T. (1994) From opportunism to nascent conservation: the case of the Siona-Secoya. Human Nature 5:307-337.

Wadley, R.L. and C.J.P. Colfer (2004) Sacred forest, hunting, and conservation in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Human Ecology 32(3):313-338.

Wadley, Reed L., Carol J. Pierce Colfer, and Ian G. Hood (1997) Hunting primates and managing forests: the case of Iban forest farmers in Indonesian Borneo. Human Ecology 25(2):243-271.

Winterhalder, B., and F. Lu.  1997.  A forager-resource population ecology model and implications for indigenous conservation.  Conservation Biology 11:1354-1364.

Yochim, Michael J. (2001) Aboriginal overkill overstated: errors in Charles Kay's hypothesis. Human Nature 12(2):141-167. [also read Kay 1994]

Zavaleta, Erika (1999) The emergence of waterfowl conservation among Yup'ik hunters in the Yukon-Kuskokwim delta, Alaska. Human Ecology 27(2):231-266.

      b. Farming Systems

Aguilar-Støen, Mariel, Stein R. Moe, and Sara Lucia Camargo-Ricalde (2009) Home gardens sustain crop diversity and improve farm resilience in Candelaria Loxicha, Oaxaca, Mexico. Human Ecology 37(1):55-77.

Alayon-Gamboa, J.A. and F.D. Gurri-Garcia (2008) Home garden production and energetic sustainability in Calakmul, Campeche, Mexico. Human Ecology 36(3):395-407.

Altieri, Miguel A. (1995) The agroecosystem: determinants, resources, processes, sustainability.  In Agroecology:  The science of sustainable agriculture, pp. 41-68.  Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Anderson, Atholl (1997) Prehistoric Polynesian impact on the New Zealand environment: Te whenua hou.  In Historical ecology in the Pacific islands: Prehistoric environmental and landscape change, ed. Patrick V. Kirch and Terry L. Hunt, pp. 271-283.  New Haven: Yale U Press.

Benz, B, H Perales, and S Brush (2007) Tzeltal and Tzotzil farmer knowledge and maize diversity in Chiapas, Mexico. Current Anthropology 48(2):289-300.

Boone, Randall, et al. (2006) Cultivation and conservation in Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Tanzania. Human Ecology 34(6):809-828.

Brush, Stephen B. (1986) Genetic diversity and conservation in traditional farming systems. Journal of Ethnobiology 6:151-167.

Carr, D.L. (2008) Farm households and land use in a core conservation zone of the Maya Biosphere Reserve, Guatemala. Human Ecology 36(2):231-248.

Charnley, Susan (1997) Environmentally-displaced peoples and the cascade effect:  lessons from Tanzania. Human Ecology 25(4):593-618.

Denevan, William M. (1992) The pristine myth: the landscape of the Americas in 1492. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 82:369-385.

Eghenter, Christina (2000) What is tana ulen good for?  Considerations on indigenous forest management, conservation, and research in the interior of Indonesian Borneo. Human Ecology 28(3):331-357.

Emperaire, L. and N. Peroni (2007) Traditional management of agrobiodiversity in Brazil: A case study of manioc. Human Ecology 34(6):761-768.

Emshwiller, Eve (2006) Evolution and conservation of clonally-propagated crops: Insights from AFLP data and folk taxonomy of the Andean tuber.  In Darwin's Harvest: New Approaches to the Origins, Evolution, and Conservation of Crops, ed. Timothy Motley, Nyree Zerega, and Hugh Cross, pp. 308-332.  NY: Columbia U. Press.

Gray, C.L., et al. (2008) Indigenous land use in the Ecuadorian Amazon: A cross-cultural and multilevel analysis. Human Ecology 36(1):97-109.

Hayashida, F. (2005) Archaeology, ecological history, and conservation. Annual Review of Anthropology 34:43-65.

Henley, D. (2008) Natural resource management: Historical lessons from Indonesia. Human Ecology 36(2):273-290.

Humphries, Sally (1993) The intensification of traditional agriculture among Yucatec Maya farmers: facing up to the dilemma of livelihood sustainability.  Human Ecology 21:87-102.

Janssen, Marco, Timothy A. Kohler, and Marten Scheffer (2003) Sunk-cost effects and vulnerability to collapse in ancient societies. Current Anthropology 44(5):722-728.

Johnson, Allen (1989) How the Machiguenga manage resources: conservation or exploitation of nature?  Advances in Economic Botany 7:213-222.

Kandeh, H.B.S. and Paul Richards (1996) Rural people as conservationists: querying neo-Malthusian assumptions about biodiversity in Sierra Leone. Africa 66(1):90-103.

McGovern, Thomas H., et al. (1988) Northern islands, human error, and environmental degradation:  a view of social and ecological change in the medieval North Atlantic. Human Ecology 16(3):225-267.

Nazarea, Virginia D. (2006) Local knowledge and memory in biodiversity conservation. Annual Review of Anthropology 35:317-335.

Saberwal, V.K. (1996) Pastoral politics: Gaddi grazing, degradation, and biodiversity conservation in Himachal Pradesh, India. Conservation Biology 10(3):741-749.

Salmón, Enrique (2000) Iwígara: A Rarámuri cognitive model of biodiversity and its effects on land management.  In Biodiversity and Native America, ed. Paul E. Minnis and Wayne J. Elisens, pp. 180-203.  Norman, OK: U. of Oklahoma Press.

Schwartzman, Stephan and Barbara Zimmerman (2005) Conservation alliances with indigenous peoples of the Amazon. Conservation Biology 19(3):721-727.

Smith, Natalie (2001) Are indigenous peoples conservationists?  Preliminary results from the Machiguenga of the Peruvian Amazon. Rationality and Society 13(4):429-461.

Walters, Bradley B. (2004) Local management of mangrove forests in the Philippines: Successful conservation or efficient resource exploitation? Human Ecology 32(2):177-195.

Zaldivar, M.E., et al. (2002) Species diversity of edible plants grown in homegardens of Chibchan Amerindians from Costa Rica. Human Ecology 30(3):301 - 316.

Sustainable Development?

Bailey, Robert C. (1996) Promoting biodiversity and empowering local people in Central African forests.  In Tropical deforestation: the human dimension, ed. Leslie E. Sponsel, Thomas N. Headland, and Robert C. Bailey, pp. 316-341.  NY: Columbia U Press.

Berkes, Fikret (2005) Why keep a community-based focus in times of global interactions? Topics in Arctic Social Sciences 5:33-43.

Blount, Ben G. (2001) Indigenous peoples and the uses and abuses of ecotourism.  In Language, knowledge, and the environment: The interdependence of biological and cultural diversity, ed. Luisa Maffi, pp. 503-516.  Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.

Butler, RA and WF Laurance (2008) New strategies for conserving tropical forests. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 23(9):469-472.

Camou-Guerrero, A., et al. (2008) Knowledge and use value of plant species in a Raramuri community: A gender perspective for conservation. Human Ecology 36(2):259-272.

Chapin, Mac (2004) A challenge to conservationists. World Watch Magazine Nov/Dec, 17-31.

Chhatre, Aswini and Vasant Saberwal (2005) Political incentives for biodiversity conservation. Conservation Biology 19(2):310-317.

Christie, Patrick (2004) Marine protected areas as biological successes and social failures in Southeast Asia. American Fisheries Society Symposium 42:155-164.

Clay, Jason (1996) Generating income and conserving resources: twenty lessons from the field.  Washington, D.C.: World Wildlife Fund.

Conklin, Beth and Laura R. Graham (1995) The shifting middle ground: Amazonian Indians and eco-politics. American Anthropologist 97:695-710.

Davis, Reade, Jennifer Whalen, and Barbara Neis (2006) From orders to borders:  Toward a sustainable co-managed lobster fishery in Bonavista Bay, Newfoundland. Human Ecology 34(6):851-867.

Derman, Bill and Anne Ferguson (1995) Human rights, environment and development;  The dispossession of fishing communities on Lake Malawi. Human Ecology 23:125-142.

Dove, Michael R. (2006) Indigenous people and environmental politics. Annual Review of Anthropology 35:191-208.

Durand, L and E Lazos (2008) The local perception of tropical deforestation and its relation to conservation policies in Los Tuxtlas biosphere reserve, Mexico. Human Ecology 36(3):383-394.

Ehrlich, Paul R. and Anne H. Ehrlich (2008) The Dominant Animal: Human Evolution and the Environment.  Washington, DC: Island Press.

Fisher, William H. (1994) Megadevelopment, enviromentalism, and resistance: the institutional context of Kayapo indigenous politics in central Brazil. Human Organization 53(3):220-232.

Geist, Helmut J. and Eric F. Lambin (2002) Direct causes and underlying driving forces of tropical deforestation. BioScience 52(2):143-150.

Godoy, R.A., et al. (2005) The effect of market economies on the well-being of indigenous peoples and on their use of renewable natural resources. Annual Review of Anthropology 34:121-138.

Godoy, Ricardo, David Wilkie, and Jeffrey Franks (1997) The effects of markets on neotropical deforestation:  a comparative study of four Amerindian societies. Current Anthropology 38:875-*.

Hakansson, N. (2004) The human ecology of world systems in East Africa: The impact of the ivory trade. Human Ecology 32(5):561-591.

Hartshorn, Gary S. (1995) Ecological basis for sustainable development in tropical forests. Annual Review of Ecological Systems 26:155-175.

Hecht, Susanna B. (1992) Valuing land uses in Amazonia:  colonist agriculture, cattle, and petty extraction in comparative perspective.  In Conservation in Neotropical forests: Working from traditional resource use, ed. Kent H. Redford and Christine Padoch, pp. 379-399.  Irvington, NY: Columbia U. Press.

Henrich, Joseph (1997) Market incorporation, agricultural change, and sustainability among the Machiguenga Indians of the Peruvian Amazon. Human Ecology 25(2):319-351.

Hitchcock, Robert K. (1995) Centralization, resource depletion, and coercive conservation among the Tyua of the northeastern Kalahari. Human Ecology 23:169-198.

Holt, Flora (2005) The catch-22 of conservation: indigenous peoples, biologists, and cultural change. Human Ecology 33(2):199-215.

Horowitz, Leah Sophie (1998) Integrating indigenous resource management with wildlife conservation: a case study of Batang Ai National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia. Human Ecology 26(3):371-404.

Johannes, Robert E. (2002) The renaissance of community-based marine resource management in Oceania. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 33:317-340.

Johnson, Kris and Kristen Nelson (2004) Common property and conservation: The potential for effective communal forest management within a national park in Mexico. Human Ecology 32(6):703-733.

Kottak, Conrad (2004) An anthropological take on sustainable development: A comparative study of change. Human Organization 63(4):501-510.

Little, Paul E. (2005) Indigenous peoples and sustainable development projects in Brazilian Amazonia: the challenges of interculturality. Law and Policy 27:450-471.

Liu, J., et al. (2003) Effects of household dynamics on resource consumption and biodiversity. Nature(6922):530-532.

Loker, William M. (2003) Dam impacts in a time of globalization: Using multiple methods to document social and environmental change in rural Honduras. Current Anthropology 44(Supplement):S112-S121.

Lu, Flora (2007) Integration into the market among indigenous peoples - A cross-cultural perspective from the Ecuadorian Amazon. Current Anthropology 48(4):593-602.

Lu, Flora E. (2001) The common property regime of the Huaorani Indians of Ecuador: Implications and challenges to conservation. Human Ecology 29(4):425-447.

Luck, G.W., et al. (2004) Alleviating spatial conflict between people and biodiversity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 101:182-186.

Maestas, J.D., R.L. Knight, and W.C. Gilgert (2003) Biodiversity across a rural land-use gradient. Conservation Biology 17(5):1425-1434.

NaughtonTreves, L., et al. (2003) Wildlife survival beyond park boundaries: The impact of slash-and-burn agriculture and hunting on mammals in Tambopata, Peru. Conservation Biology 17(4):1106-1117.

Orlove, Benjamin S. and Stephen B. Brush (1996) Anthropology and the conservation of biodiversity. Annual Review of Anthropology 25:329-352.

Pacheco, Pablo (2009) Smallholder livelihoods, wealth and deforestation in the Eastern Amazon. Human Ecology 37(1):27-41.

Redford, Kent H. and Christine Padoch (eds.) (1992) Conservation in Neotropical Forests:  Working from Traditional Resource Use. New York: Columbia University Press.  [selected chapters]

Reyes-Garcia, V., et al. (2007) Economic development and local ecological knowledge: A deadlock? Quantitative research from a native Amazonian society. Human Ecology 35(3):371-377.

Reyes-García, Victoria, et al. (2005) Market economy and the loss of folk knowledge of plant uses: estimates from the Tsimane' of the Bolivian Amazon. Current Anthropology 46(4):651-656.

Roba, Hassan G. and Gufu Oba (2009) Efficacy of integrating herder knowledge and ecological methods for monitoring rangeland degradation in Northern Kenya. Human Ecology 37(5):589-612.

Robbins, Paul, et al. (2009) Conservation as it is: Illicit resource use in a wildlife reserve in India. Human Ecology 37(5):559-575.

Ross, A. and K. Pickering (2002) The politics of reintegrating Australian Aboriginal and American Indian indigenous knowledge into resource management: The dynamics of resource appropriation and cultural revival. Human Ecology 30(2):187-214.

Sears, R.R., C. Padoch, and M. Pinedo-Vasquez (2007) Amazon forestry transformed: Integrating knowledge for smallholder timber management in eastern Brazil. Human Ecology 34(6):697-707.

Shriar, Avrum (2007) Search of Sustainable Land Use and Food Security in the Arid Hillside Regions of Central America: Putting the Horse Before the Cart. Human Ecology 35(3):275-287.

Smith, Richard Chase (1996) Biodiversity won't feed our children:  biodiversity conservation and economic development in indigenous Amazonia.  In Traditional Peoples and Biodiversity: Conservation in Large Tropical Landscapes, ed. Kent H. Redford, Jane A. Mansour, and , pp. 197-217.  Washington, D.C.: Nature Conservancy.

Sponsel, Leslie E., Thomas N. Headland, and Robert C. Bailey, eds. (1996) Tropical deforestation: the human dimension.  NY: Columbia U. [selected chapters]

Stone, Glenn Davis (2002) Both sides now: fallacies in the genetic-modification wars, implications for developing countries, and anthropological perspectives. Current Anthropology 43(4):611-630.

Stonich, Susan C. and Billie R. DeWalt (1996) The political ecology of deforestation in Honduras.  In Tropical deforestation: the human dimension, ed. Leslie E. Sponsel, Thomas N. Headland, and Robert C. Bailey, pp. 187-215.  NY: Columbia U Press.

Thibault, M. and S. Blaney (2003) The oil industry as an underlying factor in the bushmeat crisis in Central Africa. Conservation Biology 17(6):1807-1813.

Thompson, M. and K. Homewood (2002) Entrepreneurs, elites, and exclusion in Maasailand: Trends in wildlife conservation and pastoralist development. Human Ecology 30(1):107-138.

Tilman, D., et al. (2002) Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices. Nature *(6898):671-677.

Tucker, Bram (2007) Applying behavioral ecology and behavioral economics to conservation and development planning: An example from the Mikea forest, Madagascar. Human Nature 18(3):190-208.

Tucker, C.M., J.C. Randolph, and E.J. Castellanos (2007) Institutions, biophysical factors and history: An integrative analysis of private and common property forests in Guatemala and Honduras. Human Ecology 35(3):259-274.

Vadez, Vincent, et al. (2004) Does integration to the market threaten agricultural diversity? Panel and cross-sectional data from a horticultural-foraging society in the Bolivian Amazon. Human Ecology 32(5):635-646.

Waggoner, P.E. and J.H. Ausubel (2002) A framework for sustainability science: A renovated IPAT identity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 99(12):7860-7865.

West, Paige and Dan Brockington (2006) An anthropological perspective on some unexpected consequences of protected areas. Conservation Biology 20(3):609-616.

West, Paige, James Igoe, and Dan Brockington (2006) Parks and peoples: the social impact of protected areas. Annual Review of Anthropology 35:251-277.

Western, David and P. Michael Wright, eds. (1994) Natural connections: perspectives in community-based conservation.  Washington, D.C.: Island.

Williams, Dee Mack (1996) Grassland enclosures: catalyst of land degradation in Inner Mongolia. Human Organization 55(3):307-313.

Wittemyer, G., et al. (2008) Accelerated human population growth at protected area edges. Science 321(5885):123-126.

Young, Emily H. (1999) Balancing conservation with development in small-scale fisheries:  Is ecotourism an empty promise? Human Ecology 27(4):581-620.