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orthologs--two genes, in different organisms, that
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are "identical by descent" from a common
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ancestor
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paralogs--two genes in the same organism that have
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arisen by a gene duplication event
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syntenic--two genes that are on the same
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chromosome
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pieces of chromosomes move around via fission,
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fusion, duplication, reversal, but local gene
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structure is well-preserved
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