Tang BM. Use of calcium or calcium in combination with vitamin D supplementation to prevent fractures and bone loss in people aged 50 years and older: a meta-analysis. Lancet 2007;370(9588):657-66.
Holick MF. Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med 2007;357(3):266-81.
Avenell A. Vitamin D and vitamin D analogues for preventing fractures associated with involutional and post-menopausal osteoporosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005(3):CD000227.
Boonen S. Need for additional calcium to reduce the risk of hip fracture with vitamin d supplementation: evidence from a comparative metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92(4):1415-23.
Francis RM. Calcium and vitamin D in the prevention of osteoporotic fractures. Qjm 2006;99(6):355-63.
Bischoff-Ferrari HA. Fracture prevention with vitamin D supplementation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Jama 2005;293(18):2257-64.
Dhesi JK. The implications of a growing evidence base for drug use in elderly patients. Part 4. Vitamin D and bisphosphonates for fractures and osteoporosis. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2006;61(5):521-8.
Jackson RD. Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of fractures. N Engl J Med 2006;354(7):669-83.
Law M. Vitamin D supplementation and the prevention of fractures and falls: results of a randomised trial in elderly people in residential accommodation. Age Ageing 2006;35(5):482-6.
Porthouse J. Randomised controlled trial of calcium and supplementation with cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) for prevention of fractures in primary care. Bmj 2005;330(7498):1003.
Grant AM. Oral vitamin D3 and calcium for secondary prevention of low-trauma fractures in elderly people (Randomised Evaluation of Calcium Or vitamin D, RECORD): a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2005;365(9471):1621-8.
Larsen ER. Vitamin D and calcium supplementation prevents osteoporotic fractures in elderly community dwelling residents: a pragmatic population-based 3-year intervention study. J Bone Miner Res 2004;19(3):370-8.
Trivedi DP. Effect of four monthly oral vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation on fractures and mortality in men and women living in the community: randomised double blind controlled trial. Bmj 2003;326(7387):469.
Chapuy MC. Combined calcium and vitamin D3 supplementation in elderly women: confirmation of reversal of secondary hyperparathyroidism and hip fracture risk: the Decalyos II study. Osteoporos Int 2002;13(3):257-64.
Chapuy MC. Effect of calcium and cholecalciferol treatment for three years on hip fractures in elderly women. Bmj 1994;308(6936):1081-2.
Lips P. Vitamin D supplementation and fracture incidence in elderly persons. A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Ann Intern Med 1996;124(4):400-6.
Anderson FH, Smith HE, Raphael HM, Crozier SR, Cooper C. Ef- fect of annual intramuscular vitamin D3 supplementation on frac- ture risk in 9440 community-living older people: the Wessex frac- ture prevention trial [abstract]. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 2004;19(Suppl 1):S57
Looker AC. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d and hip fracture risk in older U.S. white adults. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(1):143-50.
Garnero P. Associations of vitamin D status with bone mineral density, bone turnover, bone loss and fracture risk in healthy postmenopausal women. The OFELY study. Bone 2007;40(3):716-22.
Liu PT. Toll-like receptor triggering of a vitamin D-mediated human antimicrobial response. Science 2006;311(5768):1770-3.
Christakos S. New insights into the mechanisms involved in the pleiotropic actions of 1,25dihydroxyvitamin D3. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006;1068:194-203.
Adams JS. Vitamin D as a defensin. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2006;6(4):344-6.
Bischoff-Ferrari HA. Positive association between 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels and bone mineral density: a population-based study of younger and older adults. Am J Med 2004;116(9):634-9.
Bischoff-Ferrari HA. Effect of Vitamin D on falls: a meta-analysis. Jama 2004;291(16):1999-2006.
Armas LA. Vitamin D2 is much less effective than vitamin D3 in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89(11):5387-91.
Heaney RP. Functional indices of vitamin D status and ramifications of vitamin D deficiency. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80(6 Suppl):1706S-9S.
Updated 2/28/08
