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Chondrichthyes: Urinary Systems
Shark - Opisthonephros Kidney	Skate - Opisthonephros Kidney is the flat, grayish mass against the body wall.

External Reproductive Characters
Dogfish Shark - male pelvic fins & claspers	Skate - male pelvic fins with claspers
Shark - female pelvic fins	Skate - female pelvic fins

Dogfish Shark Male
Large testes (also shows celia artery)	Testes lifted to show the epididymis (just in front of probe) Epididymis was exposed by removal of the parietal peritoneum.
Testes & epididymis (also shows celiac artery & posterior cardinal sinus)	Vas deferens & seminal vesicle
Testes, epididymis (near probe) & vas deferens	Seminal vesicle above the opisthonephros kidney
Vas deferens & Leydig gland (alongside & underneath vas deferens) is kidney tissue that has been taken over by male reproductive tract.	Male cloaca & urogenital papilla
Sperm Sac	Siphon (below skin on claspers)

Female Reproductive System: Dogfish Shark
Ovary & shellgland	Damaged Ovary (eggs have been removed) & shell gland
Ovary with some small, developing eggs Oviduct & uterus (slightly enlarged)	Imature eggs from the damaged ovary above
Dogfish - oviduct & uterus	Dogfish - oviducts near dorsal aorta
Dogfish female urogenital papilla	Dogfish falciform ligament is enlarged & forms the ostium or opening into oviduct

Female Reproductive Systems: Misc. Chondrichthyes
Skate - ovary & oviduct	Salmon Shark - right ovary of a large viviparous species
Salmon Shark - shell gland may be used to store sperm	Skate - shell gland is much larger than the shellgland in dogfish sharks because skates are oviparous.
Salmon shark dorsal view of ovaries & uteri	Salmon shark - ventral view of ovaries & uteri - ovaries to the right, only 1 functional
Salmon shark - posterior openings into uteri

Chondrichthyes:  Embryos & Egg Cases
Young dogfish shark embryo & yolk sac	More mature dogfish shark, embryo & yolk sac
Skate embryo - very early stage	Skate Egg case - opened
Skate embryo - later stage - coming soon	More mature skate embryo & yolk sac

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