Sample Code

Sample C++ Programs

This code does NOT use C++ 11. This is simply for convenience because the machine hosting this website has an older C++ compiler. The differences between what is here and using version 11 or later versions are not significant. Here is a good explanation of initialization in C++11.

This code also always uses "using namespace std;" ... for simplicity. In general, it is best to not tie up all names, but instead individually tie an identifier to its namespace with the binary scope operator, e.g., std::cout << "hello world" << std::endl;

Structured (not OO) C++ programming examples:

Bubble sort: bubble.cpp bubbleWithTemplate.cpp ... using data: bubble.txt ... with ... output

Reading one char at a time using get(): get.cpp

Reading one line, using get(): readArray.cpp or using getline(): readGetline.cpp ... using data: read.txt ... with ... output

Formatting using setw(): format.cpp ... with ... output

Dynamic two dimensional array: twoDarray.cpp ... with ... output

Convert string object to char array: stringConvert.cpp

Messing around with pointer arithmetic: ptrArith.cpp

More pointer arithmetic, pointers to pointers: ptrptr.cpp

pointers to functions: ptrToFunc.cpp ... with ... output

Mess around with basic pointers, swap pointers: ptr.cpp

Example using a vector from the STL: vector.cpp

Towers of Hanoi: hanoi.cpp ... with ... execution tree

Range-based arrays (since C++11): array-range-based.cpp

Smart pointers: smart.h ... smartdriver.cpp ... valgrind output (shows no leaks)

Rational class:

Simple class, not documented, no overloading operators: rat.h ... rat.cpp ... ratdriver.cpp ... with output

Better class, documented, overload operators, etc.: rat2.h ... rat2.cpp ... rat2driver.cpp ... with output

Array class:

Simple int array class: array.h ... array.cpp ... arraydriver.cpp ... with output

Same int array class with pre/post condition comments: array.h ... array.cpp

Array class as a template (must put all code into the .h file):

arraytemplate.h includes class def and implementation ... arraytemplatedriver.cpp ... with output

List class:

List class (singly linked list): list.h ... list.cpp ... listdriver.cpp ... listdata.txt ... listdata2.txt

List class as a template: listtemplate.h ... listtemplatedriver.cpp

Nodedata class: nodedata.h ... nodedata.cpp

Employee class: employee.h ... employee.cpp

Stack ADT: stack.h

Array implementation: stacka.cpp

Linked List implementation: stackl.cpp

Queue ADT: queue.h
Array implementation: queuea.cpp
Linked List implementation: queuel.cpp

Using a static const data member: staticconst.cpp

Binary Search Tree: binary search tree
Tree recursion: Binary tree problem solving (recursion)

Sample Manager class: for bridge game

Inheritance example:

Simple example using inheritance ... consists of a base class (Fruit) and
three derived classes (Apple, Orange, Grape). There is a linked list of Fruits.
The items start out as specific Apples, Oranges, or Grapes, then become Fruits in the list.
Inheritance allows the objects to define their own functionality.
All the code: fruit.cpp ... with output: output ... and UML diagram