| TRANSITIONAL WORDS AND OTHER
USEFUL VOCABULARY YOU WILL FIND USEFUL WHEN WRITING YOUR COMPOSITIONS |
1. TIME
|
2. PLACE
|
3. TO SHOW A RESULT
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4. TO EMPHASIZE AN IDEA
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5. TO SUMMARIZE
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| MECHANICS |
1. Capitalization
a. Only proper nouns are capitalized. María fue
a Bolivia.
(Does not include days of the week or months: Hoy es martes, el 7 de
diciembre..)
b. Adjectives are not capitalized.
Carlos es mexicano. (Carlos is Mexican)
(Including adjectives of nationality, religion, etc. which are capitalized in
English.)
Carla es católica. (Carla is Catholic).
c. Titles of people are not capitalized. El
señor Escovar.
However, their abbreviations
are. El Sr.
Escovar. La doctora López. La Dra.
López.
d. Pronoun
i) Usted is capitalized in its abbreviated form
¿Cómo está usted? ¿Cómo está Ud?
ii) Yo is not capitalized except at the beginning of a sentence.: Yo no hice nada. Pablo y yo lo resolvimos
e. Literary Titles
i) In titles of works, only the first word and proper nouns are capitalized.
Introducción a la lingüística española
Nacionalismo y educación en México.
2. Punctuation
1. punto (period) [.]
2. coma (comma) [,]
3. punto de interrogación (question mark) [¿ ?] (Upside down and right side up)
4. punto de exclamación (exclamation) [¡ !] (Two again)
5. punto y coma (semicolon) [;]
6. dos puntos (colon) [:]
7. comillas (quotation marks) [" "]
8. raya (dash) [ _ ]
9. guión (hyphen) [ - ]
10. paréntesis (parenthesis) ( )
Punctuation is basically the same for both Spanish and English. Notable exceptions are the use of the question and exclamation marks. In Spanish, inverted question and exclamation marks are used at the beginning of a sentence or clause and the regular marks used at the end as in English.
¿Qué es esto?
Si tienes tiempo, ¿me ayudarás?
¡Es una víbora!
¡Qué coche más bonito!
Dashes are often used instead of quotation marks.
___Tiene que ser sin anestesia ____ dijo el dentista.
In dialogue, a dash often precedes the first word of each exchange.
____ Siéntese.
____ Buenos días ____ dijo el Alcalde.
____ Buenos _____ dijo el dentista.
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