FM/FISH 328 Forestry-Fisheries Interactions

Assignment 2: The Regulatory Context of Fishes and Forests

SOLUTIONS

You most likely noticed that State and Federal listings do show some differences. Important is that you state the soure you were using for your answer, e.g. state or federal listing

Objective: Become familiar with sources on the Web and the various agencies related to species listing and some of the terminologies used

1. Explain the terms “endangered” and threatened”

a) what is the meaning, definition of endangered” and threatened”

Section 3 (6) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 defines the term “endangered species” as “any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its ranger other than a species of the class Insecta determined by the Secretary to constitute a pest whose protection under the provisions of this Act would present an overwhelming and overriding risk to man.”

Section 3 (19) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 defines the term “threatened species” as “any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.”

b) when were they introduced and as part of which legislation

The terms defined above were first introduced in 1966, when Congress passed the Endangered Species Preservation Act. This law allowed the listing of only native animal species as endangered and provided limited means for the protection of species so listed. Land acquisition for protection of an endangered species was also authorized at that time. It was not until the Endangered Species Act of 1973 that the terms were more specifically defined and elaborated upon. The ESA of 1973 noted that endangered and threatened species were recognized as valuable education, scientific, recreational, historical, and esthetical purposes.

History of the US Endangerd Species Act

http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Education/ESA.htm

c) provide the source(s), e.g. web link

http://wdfw.wa.gov/wlm/diversty/soc/concern.htm

2. Some listed species have “designated critical habitat”.

a) what does that term mean “designated critical habitat”

The term “designated critical habitat” is used in the Endangered Species Act (ESA) that refers to specific geographic areas that contain habitat features essential for the conservation of a threatened or endangered species. “It is also a tool to notify Federal agencies of areas that must be given special consideration when they are planning, implementing, or funding activities. A critical habitat designation has no effect when a Federal agency is not involved,” (USFWS 2003).

Q4: What is critical habitat?

A4: Critical habitat is a term in the Endangered Species Act identifying geographic areas that are essential for the conservation of a threatened or endangered species and may require special management considerations. The designation of critical habitat does not affect land ownership or establish a refuge, wilderness, reserve, preserve, or other conservation area. It does not allow government or public access to private lands.

Q5: What is the impact of designating critical habitat on private lands and private landowners?

A5: The designation of critical habitat on private land will require consultation for those activities that involve Federally funded or authorized activities. The designation of critical habitat is only applicable to Federal activities.

http://www.fws.gov/cookeville/critical_habitat/brauns_q_and_a.htm

http://mountain-prairie.fws.gov/species/fish/bulltrout/q&a1102.htm

Critical habitat Mapper very interesting

b) provide one or two examples

Chum salmon https://ecos.fws.gov/species_profile/SpeciesProfile?spcode=E09Q

c) provide the source(s), e.g. web link

3. Provide a list of “protected species” in Washington State for “animals” (fish and wildlife) that are listed as “endangered”

Solution: see list for Washington from the website http://ecos.fws.gov/tess_public//pub/stateListing.jsp?status=listed&state=WA

Animals -- 35
Status	Species/Listing Name
E	Albatross, short-tailed (Phoebastria (=Diomedea) albatrus)
T	Bear, grizzly lower 48 States, except where listed as an experimental population or delisted (Ursus arctos horribilis)
T	Butterfly, Oregon silverspot (Speyeria zerene hippolyta)
E	Caribou, woodland Selkirk Mountain population (Rangifer tarandus caribou)
E	Curlew, Eskimo (Numenius borealis)
E	Deer, Columbian white-tailed Columbia River DPS (Odocoileus virginianus leucurus)
T	Lynx, Canada lower 48 States DPS (Lynx canadensis)
T	Murrelet, marbled CA, OR, WA (Brachyramphus marmoratus)
T	Otter, southern sea except where EXPN (Enhydra lutris nereis)
T	Owl, northern spotted (Strix occidentalis caurina)
E	Pelican, brown except U.S. Atlantic coast, FL, AL (Pelecanus occidentalis)
T	Plover, western snowy Pacific coastal pop. (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus)
E	Rabbit, pygmy Columbia Basin DPS (Brachylagus idahoensis)
T	Salmon, chinook Puget Sound (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha)
T	Salmon, chinook fall Snake R. (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha)
T	Salmon, chinook lower Columbia R. (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha)
E	Salmon, chinook spring upper Columbia R. (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha)
T	Salmon, chinook spring/summer Snake R. (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha)
T	Salmon, chum Columbia R. (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) keta)
T	Salmon, chum summer-run Hood Canal (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) keta)
T	Salmon, coho Lower Columbia River (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) kisutch)
T	Salmon, sockeye U.S.A. (Ozette Lake, WA) (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) nerka)
T	Sea turtle, green except where endangered (Chelonia mydas)
E	Sea turtle, leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea)
T	Sea-lion, Steller eastern pop. (Eumetopias jubatus)
E	Sea-lion, Steller western pop. (Eumetopias jubatus)
T	Steelhead Puget Sound DPS (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss)
T	Steelhead Snake R. Basin (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss)
T	Steelhead lower Columbia R. (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss)
T	Steelhead middle Columbia R. (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss)
T	Steelhead upper Columbia R. Basin (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss)
T	Trout, bull U.S.A., conterminous, lower 48 states (Salvelinus confluentus)
E	Whale, humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae)
E	Whale, killer Southern Resident DPS (Orcinus orca)
E	Wolf, gray Lower 48 States, except where delisted and where EXPN. Mexico. (Canis lupus)

Clearly identify your source(s), e.g. web link