Geog 439: Gender, Race, and the Geography of Employment in American Cities

 

Professor Mark Ellis, Smith 406C

Office Hours: Tuesday 3:45-4:45pm and by appointment.

Phone: 206 616 6207

Email: ellism@u.washington.edu

Course Web Page: http://courses.washington.edu/geog439/

 

This class focuses on work for men and women of different racial and ethnic backgrounds in American cities.  It examines various explanations for differences in employment outcomes between groups, emphasizing the importance of the spatial divisions of labor, and the spatial impact of economic restructuring in these explanations.  Several topics are covered in detail. The course begins by overviewing trends in work, both paid and unpaid, and their relation to the development of American industrial capitalism and urbanization.  It then turns to the geography of employment and residence in American cities focusing in particular on the impact of gender relations on commuting; the spatial mismatch hypothesis--or the impact of the suburbanization of employment on minority groups.  The course finishes with an examination of immigration’s impact on the employment opportunities of the native-born.  Throughout the course students will learn the critical role that space plays in structuring employment opportunity and difference, especially by gender and race.

 

Text: Course Reader--weekly readings assigned below.  Available at RAMS 4144 University Way.

 

Grading

 

Exam 1:                       35%       On February 11

Exam 2:                        35%       On March 13

Review Essay:            30%       Due March 4

 

Exams: The exams will be two essay questions. I will give you at least five questions a few days before each exam from which I will select two for the exam.

 

Review essay :I will assign an essay question based on a series of papers by week 4.  The intent of this essay is for you to review and synthesize the material in the papers and reach a conclusion that addresses the question.  I will explain more about the review essay as the term progresses.   The essay must be typed (double-spaced) and about 10 pages long (no more than 12 pages, no less than 9.  Late work will be judged harshly).

 

Weekly Schedule of Topics and Required Readings

 

1.  What is Work?

 

Tilly C and Tilly C. 1998. Work Under Capitalism.  Boulder: Westview.  Chapter 2: Worlds of Work.

Blau, F.D. and Ferber, M.A. 1992. The Economics of Women, Men and Work. Englewood Cliffs NJ: Prentice Hall. 2nd Edition.  Chapter 4: The Allocation of Time Between the Household and the Labor Market.

 

2.  How Has Work Changed Over Time?

 

Tilly C and Tilly C. 1998. Work Under Capitalism.  Boulder: Westview.  Chapter 7: How Work has Changed, How Work Changes.

Schor, J.B. 1992.  The Overworked American.  Chapter 4: Overwork in the Household.

 

3.  Who Works at Home?  Historical Trends and Geographical Variation in the Labor Force Participation of Men and Women

 

Spain, D and S M Bianchi 1997. Balancing Act; Motherhood, Marriage and Employment Among American Women, New York: Russell Sage. Chapter 4:  Labor Force Participation and Occupational Attainment

Odland, J. and Ellis M. 1998. Variation in the Labor Force Experience of Women Across Large Metropolitan Areas in the United States.  Regional Studies 32:4, pp 333-347.

 

4.   How Have the Social and Spatial Divisions of Labor in American Cities Changed Over Time?

 

Walker R. 1981.  A Theory of Suburbanization.  In Dear and Scott (eds) Urbanization and Urban Planning in Capitalist Society, Methuen.  pp 385-405

Gordon, DM. 1978.  Capitalist Development and the History of American Cities.  In Tabb and Sawers (eds) Marxism and the Metropolis. Oxford University Press, pp25-63.

 

5. What are Local Labor Markets? 

 

Scott, A.J. 1988.  Metropolis.  Chapter 7: Local Labor Markets in the Metropolis, pp 119-140.

Scott, A.J. 1988.  Metropolis.  Chapter 8: Territorial Reproduction and Transformation in a Local Labor Market: The Animated Film Workers of Los Angeles, pp141-159.

Scott, A.J. 1993.  Technopolis.  Chapter 9: Electronics Assembly Workers in Southern California, pp179-200.

 

6.     How Do People Get Jobs?

 

Mark Granovetter, 1995, Getting a Job, Chicago: Chicago University Press, Chapters 1 and 2.

Tilly C and Tilly C. 1998. Work Under Capitalism.  Boulder: Westview.  Chapter 9:  Inequality at Work: Hiring

Falcon L and Melendez E.  2001 Racial and Ethnic Differences in Job Searching in Urban Centers.  In O’Connor, Tilly and Bobo (eds.) Urban Inequality: Evidence from Four Cities. Russell Sage.

 

7.  What Jobs Do People Do?  How Much Do People Earn? 

 

Reskin, B and I Padavic 1994. Women and Men at Work, Pine Forge Press. Chapter 4: Sex Segregation in the Workplace.

King, M.C. 1992. Occupational Segregation by Race and Sex, 1940-88. Monthly Labor Review. 115: 30-37.

Spain, D and S M Bianchi 1997. Balancing Act; Motherhood, Marriage and Employment Among American Women, New York: Russell Sage Chapter 5:  Earnings.

Hecker, D.E. 1998. Earnings of College Graduates: Women Compared with Men.  Monthly Labor Review.  121(3): 62-71.

 

8. Space  and Gender:  The Spatial Entrapment of Women?

 

Hanson, S and G. Pratt. 1991. Job Search and the Occupational Segregation of Women, , Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 81: 229-253.

Nelson, K. 1986. Labor Demand, Labor Supply, and the Suburbanization of Low Wage Office Work, In Production Work and Territory, A.J. Scott and M. Storper (eds), Boston: Allen and Unwin, 149-171.

 

9. Space and Race: A Spatial Mismatch?

 

Kain, JF. 1968.  Housing segregation, Negro employment, and metropolitan decentralization.  Quarterly Journal of Economics, 82: 175-197.

Fernandez, R.M. Race, Space, and Job Accessibility: Evidence from a Plant Relocation.  Economic Geography 70: 390-416.

Tilly C, Moss P, Kirschenman J, and Kennelly I. 2001.  Space as a Signal: How Employers Perceive Neighborhoods in Four Metropolitan Labor Markets.  In O’Connor, Tilly and Bobo (eds.) Urban Inequality: Evidence from Four Cities. Russell Sage.

 

10.  Immigration and the Ethnic Division of Labor:  Do Immigrants Adversely Impact the Labor Market Outcomes of the Native-Born?

 

Borjas, G. 1990.  Friends or Strangers, New York: Basic Books. Chapter 5: The Impact of Immigrants on Native Earnings and Employment.

Ellis, M and Wright R. 1999.“The industrial division of labor among immigrants and migrants to the Los Angeles Economy” International Migration Review 33: 26-54.