FINAL EXAM:  BRING BLUE BOOKS                               HIST112 O'Neil

FORMAT:  Pt. I Multiple Choice: 10 easy factual questions
  Pt. II Identifications: Write paragraph giving identifying information (who,
        what, where, when) and explaining the significance (why, so what?);
      include dates where possible.  Identifications will be of figures & events
        discussed both in lectures and in readings.  (Choice 6 out of 10) 
  Pt. III  Essays: do two essays, one from each category (choice within each):
**   USE LECTURE OUTLINES AS SUMMARY OF CENTRAL ISSUES, PROBLEMS, TOPICS  **

POLITICAL HISTORY: suggested structure for review of course material
  1)  FEUDAL KINGSHIP:      relationship between Kings and Vassals
      Feudalism: delegation of governmental powers to local Lords
      Feudal Kingship: -- variations in medieval Kings' assertion of control
            over vassals: England, France, Empire (Golden Bull of 1356/electors)
         -- tension between elective and hereditary principles of succession
      Institutional development of royal governments:
            Engl: common law, Norman invasion, introduction of feudalism
                  Magna Carta, evolution of Parliament, "constitutionalism" 
            France: efforts at royal centralization: role of sacral monarchy
              obstacles: territorial vassals, Angevins, Estates General
      Role of warfare in growth of royal government:  100 Years War;
            Italian Wars 1494-1527; Hapsburg-Valois wars;
            16th C. wars of religion in Germany

  2)CHURCH & STATE: relationship between Papacy and governments  to Reformation
            Papacy vs Empire: Investiture Controversy, Gregorian Reform
            Crusades as project of reformed Papacy; Hohenstaufens (Fred I & II)
            Italian city states: internal factions seek external alliances:
                  Guelf (allied with Pope) & Ghibelline (with Emperor)
            Western Monarchies: Crusades (1st/3rd); England: Henry II & Becket;
            France: Phillip IV Boniface VIII, Avignon Papacy, Gallican liberties
            Decline of Papacy: Great Schism, Conciliarism, Reformation
            Charles V as "universal monarch": problems with Papacy, Reformation
            Reformation changes in church/state relationship:  Germany, England

INTELLECTUAL, RELIGIOUS, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL HISTORY
 1) Medieval: Scholasticism, universities:
          Peter Abelard, Thomas Aquinas: synthesis of faith & reason (Aristotle)
      12-13th C. heretical religious movements: : Catharism, Waldensianism
         Church response: Inquisition; mendicant orders: Franciscans, Dominicans
                          Albigensian Crusade: role of French King
      Courtly love: social, political context: vassalage, knighthood, Angevins:
            literary context: epic (chanson de geste): Song of Roland
               troubadour poetry, romance literature, Art of Courtly Love
            Italian city states: Florence - Guelfs vs Ghibellines
                   Dante: Divine Comedy and medieval world view

 2) Renaissance: Humanism as revival of Greek and Latin classics;
       Major figures: Petrarch, Medici as patrons (Ficino and Pico),
       Machiavelli- historian/humanist: goal understanding "rules" of politics 
       Christian humanism: literary and education program (Erasmus); also
             moralizing program for social reform (Thomas More)
       Link to Reformation: languages, reform; differ on human nature, free will

 3) Reformation: origins: late medieval religion, humanism, printing press
      theology:  Scripture, justification by faith, grace (predestination)
      major figures: Martin Luther, Zwingli, John Calvin, Anabaptists
      organization: Church/state relations in Germany, Engl, France, Geneva

Possible ID’s: 
       Heresy: Waldensians, Cathars                     First Crusade, Third Crusade
       Inquisition                                                   Eleanor of Aquitaine
       Dominicans, Franciscans                             Henry II of England, Beckett
       Albigensian Crusade                                    Angevin Empire

Scholasticism                           
    trivium, quadrivium                                   Dante Alighieri: Florence, White Guelf,
    Peter Abelard, Sic et Non                                   exile, Divine Comedy, De Monarchia
    Thomas Aquinas,                                    Petrarch: humanist, Laura
         Summa Theologica                                           poet laureate

Empire & Papacy                             Humanism: studia humanitatis
     Guelfs vs Ghibellines                        Erasmus, Christian humanism    
          Frederick II  Hohenstaufen                   Brethren of Common Life
     Pope Innocent III                              Thomas à Kempis, Imitation of Christ
     Golden Bull of 1356                          Thomas More: Utopia, Henry VIII

100 Years War                              Italian communes (from lectures)
    Henry V                                     Florence: Guelf Ghibellines
    Joan of Arc                                 guild regime, republican city government
    Charles VII                                 Rome: Cola di Rienzo
   Battles: Crecy, Agincourt                    
                                                    Florence:
Late medieval Papacy:                         Cosimo de Medici
    Philip the Fair IV (France)                 Lorenzo the Magnificent
    Boniface VIII                                    Peace of Lodi
    Unam Sanctam                               Florentine Republic of 1494
    Conciliarism                                   Savonarola
    Avignon Papacy                                                         
    Councils of Pisa, Constance         Machiavelli & The Prince
    Great Schism                                       Alexander VI
    Pius II Execrabilis                                 Cesare Borgia
    John Hus                                              Francesco Sforza
    Hussite Church                                     Julius II “warrior Pope”

Hapsburgs of Austria, Empire        France: Gallican liberties
    Maximillian I                             Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges
    Charles V                                      
Hapsburg-Valois Wars                        
Battle of Mohacs
Ottoman Turks                         German Reformation:
Francis I                                  Luther: 95 Theses, indulgences
Medici Popes:                                    Address to Christian Princes
    Leo X, St. Peter's                           Freedom of a Christian
Clement VII,   Sack of Rome 1527  
         ( NOT Clement VIII)                  Diet of Worms
                                                       Exsurge Domine, Leo X
                                                      German Peasant War 1525
Counter Reformation                      
  Council of Trent                          
  Ignatius Loyola                             Peace of Augsburg 1555
  Roman Inquisition                           cuius regio, eius religio

Calvinism:  Calvin’s Geneva                   Swiss reformation:
Institutes of the Christian Religion          Zwingli
presbyterianism                                          Sacramentarian Controversy
consistory                                                  Marburg Colloquy 1529
Huguenots = French Calvinists              Anabaptists: Schlietheim Confession 

  England:  Enclosure movement
     Henry VIII “Defender of Faith”
      Act of Supremacy 1534
     Reformation Parliament
     Thomas More