ANGEVIN EMPIRE: see map in text, p. 316
    major territorial threat to French monarchy 12 C.
ANGLO NORMAN ENGLAND: extends power into France

HENRY I  (1000-1135)
Coronation Charter: "customary feudal dues,"
        effort to control level of taxation
Forest Law: Norman innovation, "royal forests"
            enforcement by foresters, sheriffs
            economic loss to English peasantry (Robin Hood)
Succession: legitimate heir, William, dies in 1120;
            only legitimate descendant is daughter
            Matilda, widow Empress of Henry V of Germany; 
                     married to Geoffrey Count of Anjou

1135-1144 Disputed succession on Henry's death:
                civil war, "feudal anarchy" period to 1144,
 Geoffrey Count of Anjou, husband of Matilda, prevails;
              their son, grandson of Henry I of England is:

HENRY II, Plantagenet      King of England (1154-1189)
Territorial holdings: "personal empire":
      no central administration, territories in France gained by
      1) inheritance: Anjou, Maine, Tourraine, Normandy,
           1151 does homage for Duchy of Anjou to Louis VII in Paris
      2) marriage: to Eleanor = Duke of Aquitaine in 1152
                         after divorce from Louis VII of France
      3) conquest: adds Brittany, Vexin; plans to conquer Italy
Family:
    1152 marries 30 year old Eleanor, 8 children by Henry
    1154 becomes King of England, Eleanor as Queen
    Eleanor & Henry’s children: William of Poitou (dies);
           Henry of Anjou (heir to English throne)
           Richard the Lion Hearted, Geoffrey,
           John Lackland, and three daughters;
Sons turn against their father, siding with French kings (Louis, Philip)
         [film: Lion in Winter]

Eleanor's court at Angers, after 1170 at Piotiers
         Centers of courtly culture and ideas of "courtesy" or courtoisie
         Troubadours: minstrels (singers, poets) from southern France

Bernard de Ventadour: most famous of troubadour poets,
             lover of Eleanor, ordered to England by Henry

Andreas Capellanus, Art of Courtly Love
        chaplain to Marie de France, Countess of Champagne, Eleanor’s daughter
        brought to court at Poitier where “courts of love” are held as pastime
        writes treatise on “art of loving honestly,” according to the rules of love.

Sources of courtly love tradition:
Celtic romance:  story of Tristan, Isolde and King Mark
          model of adulterous triangle
Arthurian legends:  Arthur, legendary King of Britons, Queen Guinivere
          Knights of Round Table, Camelot, Lancelot, Gawain
Chretien de Troyes: 12 th C. French chivalric romances, Arthurian stories

   Concepts of chivalry (cheval = horse): code of conduct of mounted knights
                         courtoisie: courtesy, or behavior at court
   Attitudes to women in chivalric and courtly codes of conduct