Dwarfing of Italy, 1494-1530 :   Hapsburg - Valois Wars

Protagonists:  Emperor Charles V   vs   King Francis I
                     Hapsburg Germany            Valois France

French (Valois) invasions of Italy:
     1494 Charles VIII       1498 Louis XII       
     1515 Francis I -victory at Marignano, occupies Milan

     1519 Imperial election Charles I of Spain Hapsburg
             becomes Charles V of Holy Roman Empire
     1522-4 struggle for Milan between France & Empire
     1525   BATTLE OF PAVIA:
                Imperial victory, Francis taken prisoner
     1526  TREATY OF MADRID: Francis renounces
                claims to Burgundy, Netherlands, Italy
      1526   LEAGUE OF COGNAC:
                broad alliance against Charles V by France,
                Papacy, Italians (Milan, Florence, Venice) due to
                fear of Charles gaining victory

East: 1526 Battle of Mohacs, Hungary (vs Ottoman Turks)

1527   SACK OF ROME: by German Imperial troops
             Clement VII (Medici) prisoner in Castel Sant'Angelo

1529   PEACE OF CAMBRAI:
                 Francis renounces claims to Flanders & ltaly
                 Charles renounces claim to Burgundy

1530  Charles crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Clement VII
                    in Bologna (Papal States)