ENGLISH REFORMATION: Reformation as act of State
HENRY
TUDOR VIII (1509-1547):
marriage
to Catherine of Aragon, daughter is Mary Tudor
1521 Given title of Defender of the Faith by Pope
Leo X (Medici)
for
treatise against Luther defending seven Catholic sacraments
1527 Sack of Rome by German troops of Charles V (nephew of Catherine)
Imprisonment
of Pope Clement VII (Medici);
end
of divorce negotiations: Charles won't permit divorce
1529 Fall of Cardinal Thomas Wolsey Lord Chancellor, dies 1530
New
Lord Chancellor appointed: Sir Thomas More
1529-1538 Reformation
Parliament: creates Anglican Church
transition
from papal to royal supremacy over
Church
of England with approval of Parliament
1532 Convocation
of English clergy grants king title of
"singular
Protector, only supreme Lord and as far as the law of
Christ
allows, even supreme head of the English church and clergy"
1533 Papal excommunication of Henry after his marriage to Anne Boleyn
Thomas Cromwell: King's secretary, strongman of Reformation;
1534 Act of
Supremacy: King as "supreme head" of English church
Treason
Act: death penalty for calling King a heretic
Act
of Succession: succession is established through Anne
1535 Execution of Sir Thomas More & Bishop
John Fisher
1536 Act of Dissolution of Monasteries
(overseen by Cromwell)
Religious
Issues in English Reformation under Henry
Bible reading as controversial "Lutheran"
act
William Tyndale: most
influential Protestant under Henry
1526 publishes English
translation of Bible; suppressed in England
executed
in exile in Antwerp by Catholics for heresy
1541 Cranmer's "Great
English Bible"- approved by Henry
1543 Act forbids Bible
reading by "women & ignorant persons"
Liturgical conformity:
Cranmer's Book of Common Prayer 1549
Episcopalian church structure: Anglican church retains Bishops
EDWARD
VI 1547-1553 (age 10-16) son of Jane Seymour
acceleration
of Protestant aspects of reform
1553 42 Articles:
strong Calvinist influence (eg predestination)
1547 Chantries Act:
confiscation of chapels, hospitals, colleges
belonging
to church; major social impact on religion life
MARIAN
RESTORATION OF CATHOLICISM: MARY TUDOR (1553-58)
Personal:
daughter of Catherine of Aragon, cousin of Charles V,
1554 married to
Charles' son Phillip, future King of Spain
Religious
policy: restoration of Catholicism;
problems include:
schismatic
legislation of Reformation Parliament is repealed
papal
order that monastic lands be returned to Church
reimposition
of church taxation by Rome
religious
persecution from 1555-58 ("Bloody Mary")
Thomas
Cranmer & Protestant Bishops executed;
John
Foxe's Book_of Martyrs records deaths of 300
John Knox: chaplain to Edward
VI;
presbyterian
church government for Scotland
1558
First Blast of the Trumpet Against the MonstruousRegiment of Women:
misogynist attack on Catholic Mary
(but
also offends Elizabeth)
ELIZABETH I (1558-1603) ELIZABETHAN SETTLEMENT:(Anglican/Episcopalian)
1559 Act of
Supremacy: revives Anglican Church (Henry's version)
title
"supreme governor of realm in temporal & spiritual"
Act of Uniformity:
liturgy of 2cd Book of Common Prayer;
1583 39 Articles: revised, more moderate version of 42 Articles
Elizabeth's
opposition:
1) Catholics: 220 executed in 45 year reign.
most for treason
Mary Stuart- Scottish Queen, exiled after Presbyterianrising in Scotland,
focus
of French & Spanish Catholic plots agst Eliz.
executed
in 1586, partially out of fear of Spain
1588 Spanish
Armada: attempted invasion of England by
King
Phillip II of Spain; foiled by "Protestant wind"
2) Puritans:
English Calvinists: opposed to Anglican settlement,
1640-1660
English Civil War as effort to impose Presbyterian Church