ENGLISH MONARCHY TO MAGNA CARTA (see early outline Wk IV)

HENRY II: 1154-1189 grandson of H I; son of daughter Matilda & Geoffrey of Anjou
      French inheritance: Count of Anjou: Maine, Tourraine, Duke of Normandy,
             marriage to Eleanor of Aquintaine = Duke of Aquitaine
             conquest: adds Brittany, Vexin; plans to conquer Italy from HRE
      ANGEVIN EMPIRE (extends from Scottish border to Pyrenees)
                noble revolt provoked by royal murder of Thomas Becket = joins with
1173  Revolt of Sons: Henry, Richard, Geoffrey, John: titles but no authority

The French Connection:
      aided by Louis VII, Eleanor (i.e. allies with ex-husband agst 2cd husband)
      territories in revolt include Normandy, Brittany, England,
            Scots King invades England: Henry defeats all, pardons sons
      1180 Phillip I of France, allies with Richard (now eldest), who does
      1188  homage kneeling for French lands when Henry refuses to name him heir
      1189 Henry military defeat over Angevin lands; then dies; Richard accedes

RICHARD I  LION HEARTED (French knickname: COEUR DE LION)

THIRD CRUSADE 1190-1192:  Crusade of the "three Kings"
         Richard I, Frederick Barbarossa, Phillip II (Richard's enemy)
 1192 Richard kidnapped by Duke of Austria, given to German Emperor Henry VI
           has to be ransomed as required by Norman feudal cusom
Financial stress: taxation leads to revolt of Anglo Norman barons
     1) King's Ransom: raised by English barons for Richard
     2) costs of war against France, Phillip II
     3) greater efficiency of tax collection caused by financial reforms of Henry II

JOHN LACKLAND (1199-1216) military struggle with Philip Augustus of France
     1204 loss of Normandy, which becomes part of French royal domain
     1214 BATTLE OF BOUVINES decisive military defeat of English,
                             end of Angevin Empire   

1215 MAGNA CARTA (Great Charter):         [see text in Geary]
      accepted under duress by King John after military defeat on continent
      limits King's power to exact feudal dues & royal taxes;
         establishes principle of constitutional limits on English King
         center of English "unwritten constitution" based on political custom

"Feudal" document: imposed on lord by barons; but major national implications
       due to series of concessions to other specific social groups:
   barons: reform/limitation of feudal dues (scutage, aid, relief, wardship)
   commerce (confirmation of "liberties & privileges" of towns, merchants )
   agricultural interests (reform of forest law)
           protection from royal seizure of private property; reform of courts

Basic principle of Magna Carta: that Kings shall be subject to law (custom)
  vs  central principle of Roman law: what prince decrees has force of law