16th C: COUNTER REFORMATION ROME

1512 LATERAN COUNCIL in Rome
        decrees against simony (buying, selling church offices)
        financial & moral corruption

1537 Advice on Reforming the Church
        commission appointed by Pope Paul III
        denunciation of city of Rome as “brothel”

COUNTER REFORMATION INSTITUTIONS:

  1)  COUNCIL OF TRENT 1545-63
       general council called to reform Church in response to
                  Protestant Reformation

  2) ROMAN INQUISITION: jurisdiction only in Italy
        founded in 1542 by Gian Pietro Carafa  (later Pope)
        modeled on Spanish Inquisition (founded in 1478)
        directed against Protestant heretics:
                    Lutherans, Calvinists, Anabaptists
        famous trials: 
                     Giordano Bruno 1598-1600
                           heresy of plurality of worlds
                    Galileo Galilei 1630-33
                          charges: Copernicanism as heresy (geocentrism)
                          Diaologues on the Two Chief World Systems  

  3) INDEX OF FORBIDDEN BOOKS  1559-1965
                compiled by Roman Inquisition
                abolished by 20th C. Vatican II Council 1962-65

  4) SOCIETY OF JESUS, OR JESUIT ORDER (S.J.)
          founded by Ignatius Loyola, Spanish
          goal is reconversion of Europe, missionary activity
               Rome: Church of Il Gesu