112 MIDTERM
CHRONOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK
I. ROMAN EMPIRE: West to 476 AD, East to 1453
Emperor
Diocletian: division of empire into tetrarchy
" Constantine: capital moved to Constantinople (formerly Byzantium)
what is Constantine's role in matters concerning church?
" Theodosius: 380 Christianity official religion of Empire;
first compilation of Roman Law (Theodosian Code)
476 AD: deposition of last Roman Emperor in the West by Odoacer
BUT Roman Empire continues to exist in the east until 1453, for example:
6th C. Emperor Justinian: codification of Roman Law, builds Hagia Sophia
II.
GERMANIC SUCCESSOR KINGDOMS
term refers to German Kingdoms that arose in western
Europe
after
the end of the Roman Empire in the West (5-6th C);
traits: "King" as German warrior chief, customary laws written
in Latin
religion: most Germans converted to Arian Christianity (except Franks)
Ostrogothic Kingdom (in area of Italy & Yugoslavia)
King
Theodoric, capital at Ravenna:
Vandal Kingdom in north Africa, Huns settle in "Hungary"
[Imperial interlude: mid 6th C Reconquest of Italy, N. Africa, part Spain
by Byzantine Roman Emperor
Justinian ]
Lombard Kingdom in Italy: 586-750 (6th -8th C)
Visigothic Spain, Frankish Gaul (Merovingian dynasty under
Clovis)
III.
CAROLINGIAN EMPIRE: Charles Martel, Pepin,
Charlemagne & successors
what is role of Papacy in rise of Carolingian dynasty?
what makes Carolingian Empire different from Germanic successor states?
describe the relationship of church and state under Charlemagne
how does Carolingian government differ from the period that follows?
division of Carolingian Empire by heirs (grandsons) of Charlemagne:
Middle Kingdom (includes Italy & Imperial title at first);
West Francia (becomes France); Kingdom of Germans in East
Ottonians: post Carolingian dynasty of Saxon Emperors: see text 295-06
IV. INVASIONS OF 9-10TH CENTURIES: Viking, Moslem, Magyars
what is impact of invasions on remains of Carolingian & Ottonian Empire?
what role do the Vikings play in political history after early raids?
Vikings evolution from Norsemen to Normans (and later French)
NORMANDY: 911 Rollo the Viking recognized as vassal for Normandy
by
King Charles of West Francia (see Handout for text)
V. FEUDALISM
(see Handout): devolution of political authority to local level
and into private hands of nobility
Institutions: Vassal homage, enfeoffment, military service for land
FEUDAL MONARCHY: term used for evolution of medieval monarchies
after
invasions & "feudal transformation" of
9-10th century
France: Capetian monarchy 987 Hugh Capet elected by great nobles
conflicts between English and French over French territory
through French defeat of English at Bouvines 1214
Angevin Empire: example of overlapping allegiances and
“overmighty vassals”; Dukes of Normandy etc
England:
Anglo Norman monarchy
imposed by William the Conqueror 1066
English Kings as vassals to French king, for Normanday, then Angevins
Church-state conflict in England: Henry II and Thomas a Becket
1215 Magna Carta: relations between English King and Barons
VI. INVESTITURE CONTROVERSY:
Cluniac Reform movement: French Abbey of Cluny leads effort to
reform
Benedictine monasteries, to return to original Rule of St. Benedict
11TH C. Schism: role of Henry III and reforming Popes
Gregory VI, Leo IX
Papal Reform Movement of 11th C: Gregorian Reform
Papacy: Gregory VII (Hildebrand) as leader of papal reform movement
claims right to excommunicate and depose temporal rulers
Emperor Henry IV: opposes Gregorian reform efforts to reclaim for Papacy
sole right to appoint and to invest Bishops
1077 Canossa: symbol of Papal victory over Emperor, but Henry returns
to Germany to raise army, military attack on Pope, flees to Sicily
1122 Concodat of Worms: compromise between later Emperor and Pope
VII.
CRUSADES:
1095 First Crusade: papal effort to lead Christian west
continuity with aims of Papal reform movement
Third Crusade: 1187-1192 "three kings"
VIII. RISE OF THE TOWNS 11-12TH C.