HSTEU205
MID TERM EXAM:
MONDAY October 23, 12:30 in SAVERY 239 (bring blue books)
EXAM
FORMAT: UPDATED INFORMATION ON FORMAT
Multiple Choice (10 questions) factual information (only one right answer)
Identifications (4 out
of 8): identify & explain significance of person, treatise,
group, event; include dates where relevant (eg Malleus
1487)
Longer essay question: (1 out of 2 or 3)
a good essay answer includes specific information in support of general statements;
review general themes:
1) relationship of learned and popular culture in European witch beliefs:
e.g.components of witch image (malefica, striga, nightflying with Diana)
differences between
witch and sorcerer; idea of diabolical pact
2) transition from church's early skepticism about possibility of
nightflying, to theological & judicial support for reality of witchcraft
3) central factors in the rise of witch trials in 14th and 15th centuries
READINGS:
Framework for review: lectures, handouts;
Cohn, Europe's Inner Demons;
Levack, Witch Hunt in Early Modern Europe, Ch 1-3;
Kors & Peters: be
able to identify major documents for ID's;
be familiar with contents, titles, dates of major
documents mentioned in
lectures; be able to cite specific documents
in support of your essay
TOPICS
FOR REVIEW: be sure to look at lecture outlines on the course web
site
http://courses.washington.edu/hsteu205 under
“course notes”
1. Basic terms, categories & concepts: witchcraft versus learned sorcery
religious
categories: paganism; heresy versus orthodoxy; apostasy
elements
in witch image: maleficium; striga; nightflying; Diana
diabolical
pact as scholastic theological explanation for
- invocation of demons, sorcery, ritual magic, learned magic
- diabolism,
demon worship, demonolatry
- Sabbath, vauderie,
"synagogue of Satan"
2.
Historical interpretations of European witchcraft:
Margaret Murray: witchcraft as fertility cult early 20th c.
Norman Cohn:
witchcraft as projection of fantasies about demonic, inhuman,
depraved, cannibalistic, orgiastic etc. enemies of society
Anthropologists:
witchcraft as explanation of misfortune
Durkheim, Malinowski, Evans Pritchard
3. Philosophical/theological background to European witch beliefs:
Religious
& philosophical theories of origin & nature of evil
Dualism: Zoroastrianism, Manicheanism 3-4th C), Catharism (12-14th C);
Platonic theory of evil as absence of good
Christian: God's providence permits evil to bring good from evil (Augustine)
(but note dualist tendencies of Jewish & Christian demon beliefs)
13th
century scholasticism, demonology: Thomas Aquinas -
theory of diabolical pact as source of magical effects
12-14th
C medieval heresies: Cathars (Albigensians) & Waldensians
&
the "demonization of the medieval heretics" (Cohn, Ch 3-4)
4. Development of witch beliefs & witch trials:
sources
for the various elements in popular image of witch:
striga, malefica, nightflying with Diana & ladies of night
ecclesiastical
legislation about witches: early versus late middle ages --
from Canon Episcopi to Malleus Maleficarum;
secular
law codes: evidence from early Germanic/barbarian legal codes
legal
changes from accusatory to inquisitorial procedure (Cohn)
12-13th
C. rise of Inquisition, mendicant orders (Dominicans and Franciscans)
14th
C.: conspiracy theories involving lepers, Jews, heretics
Transition:
heresy to sorcery trials, then witch trials: common themes?
14th
century: sorcery trials & their political context
15th
century: first witch trials & witch treatises -- chronological primacy of
trials,
interaction of treatises
& trials; e.g. Nider Formicarius 1435-7;
Kramer/Sprenger Malleus
Maleficarum 1487: full fledged image of witch
**************************************************************************************************************************
Midterm
ID's: use Review (above) as general guide to topics to be reviewed
be sure to look at lecture outlines on the course web site
http://courses.washington.edu/hsteu205
under “course notes”
Theodicy
Dualism
Zoroastrianism
Book of Job
Platonic theory of evil
St. Augustine
Emperor Constantine
Emperor Theodosius, Theodosian Code
Pope Gregory the Great
Bede, History of the English Church and People
Diana, Holda, Ladies of the Night (see Cohn)
German legal codes
wergeld system
Canon Episcopi
Burchard of Worms, Corrector Rusticorum
penetential canons
Scholasticism
Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologica
Catharism
Waldensians
Dominicans
Franciscans
Inquisition, inquisitorial procedure
versus accusatory procedure
Albigensian Crusade
Conrad of Marburg
Gratian’s Decretum
Pope Gregory IX, Vox in Rama, 1233
Millennium
Eschatology
Ritual murder charges
Key of Solomon
Pope Boniface VIII
King Philip IV of France
Avignon Papacy 1305-1378
Pope John XXII
Lady Alice Kyteler
John XXII, Super illius specula, 1326
Nicolas Eymeric, Inquisitor's Directory 1376
Bernardino of Siena
Johannes Nider, Formicarius 1435
Peter von Greyerz, Stedelen trial 1397-1406
Innocent VIII Summis Desiderantes Affectibus 1484
Kramer and Sprenger 1487--Malleus Maleficarum
Crimen exceptum