RESTORATION ENGLAND 1660-1688
KING
CHARLES II Stuart 1660-1685: unconditional return from
his model
is divine right absolutism of Louix XIV
execution of the regicides of 1649, restoration of Church of England (Anglican)
PARLIAMENT: fear of King as pro-Catholic, pro-French
Religious legislation: CLARENDON CODE 1662-1672
laws against Catholics, non-conformists
TEST ACT 1673 Anglican communion
required of office holders
POLITICAL PARTIES:
Tories: royalists, support the Anglican staet church
(anti-Catholic, anti-presbyterian)
Whigs: parliament, support
for non-conformists
leader = Earl of Shaftesbury, Locke's employer
SUCCESSION CRISIS: move to exclude James from the throne
James, brother of Charles converts to Catholicism before 1670
first marriage to a commoner, two girls survive, raised Anglican (Mary & Anne)
second marriage to Mary of Modena, Italian Catholic princess in 1673
POPISH PLOT
1678
fear of Catholic plot to kill Charles,
heir is the Catholic James
Whigs gain majority in Parliament
Whigs as Exclusionists: want to exclude James from succession
Charles’ personal rule 1681-1685: no
Parliament called
exiles Shaftesbury for treason, persecutes
Whigs
KING JAMES II succeeds 1685-1688; support of Louis XIV, pro-Catholic
1688 birth of Catholic son: “Rock a bye baby…”
fear
of Catholic regime; baby alleged to be an impostor
Tories & Whigs in Parliament unite
against James
1688 GLORIOUS REVOLUTION:“bloodless” change of regime
Parliament offers crown to William of Orange and
Mary (daughter of James II)
BILL OF RIGHTS accepted = constitutional monarchy
1678 TOLERATION
ACT: for non-conformists, but not
for Catholics
1691
imposed as punishment for
support of James II