FROM DIRECTORY TO NAPOLEON
COUD D'ÉTAT OF FRUCTIDOR 1797: Army occupies Paris to prevent
royalist takeover
first free elections of French Revolution annulled
RISE
OF NAPOLEON: 1796 Italian army creates Cisalpine Republic in Italy
1797 Camp Formio: end of Venetian Republic:
Venice given to Austria in exchange for recognition of
Napoleon's conquest of Belgium, left bank of Rhine, Italy
1798 invasion
of Egypt
COUP
D'ÉTAT OF 18 BRUMAIRE 1799
Abb
turns to Bonaparte, who carries out coup, calls for plebiscite to
confirm
new system of government
CONSULATE: Napoleon is one of three consuls; end of revolutionary
democracy
1802
Napoleon declares himself "consul for life"
1804 "the government of the Republic is entrusted to an Emperor"
Major
domestic achievements:
CONCORDAT WITH ROME 1802: Catholicism recognized as "religion
of the
majority of Frenchmen," but not established church; toleration
retained
NAPOLEONIC CODE: 1804 Civil Code; 1807 Code Napoleon finalized
culmination of project begun in 1792; early drafts liberal
after 1795, more conservative (parental & paternal
authority)
= symbol of Enlightenment ideas of reform from top down
NAPOLEONIC
WARS: see Palmer & Colton for Wars and settlement at
CONGRESS OF VIENNA 1814-1815: principles
Legitimism: restore dynastic governments (rejection
of nationalism)
Balance of power: treaty system and periodic congresses
EDMUND BURKE (1729-1797) (see also selected quotations posted with lecture notes )
Initial
English Whig reaction to French Revoltuion = positive, because
directed against tyranny and Catholicism, similar to l688.
Burke writes to correct the English Whig view of French Revolution
Burke's
political position within England
Whig: devoted to principles of Revolution of 1688, but sees them
as
fundamentally different from those of 1789
Irish origin complicates his political/religion loyalties:
raised Anglican; father is Anglican lawyer (requirement for practice of law)
mother is Catholic; Burke has some sympathy with Catholic
position