HISTEU305     INSTRUCTIONS ON PAPERS: FORMAT FOR CITATIONS         

GENERAL FORMAT: Papers should be typed, double spaced; no plastic or cardboard covers,
                                     just a title page with your name, paper title, date, course.

      The basic purpose of scholarly citations is that any reader should be able to track down your sources
for direct quotes and for ideas or information taken from a specific source.  Professors & TAs know what
books you are using, but complete citations are required for each source.  The general rule about
citations is to follow a consistent format, including all relevant publication information.  Historians use
Turabian's University of Chicago Manual of Style, but other systems are also fine.

       Endnotes and footnotes differ only in where they are located; footnotes are at the foot of the page, while
endnotes are at the end of the paper.  Either is fine, though endnotes are generally easier, unless your computer
program makes footnotes just as easy.  Also, note that endnotes do not need to be on a separate page, so
long as there is still room on your last page. For this course, we are suggesting the following simplified format:
a complete citation is given in first note, and later citations are indicated by page numbers in parentheses.

For the first citation of a work, give the complete reference, either in a footnote (bottom of page)
or an endnote (at end of paper), using a numbered note1, as follows:

1  Canon Episcopi in Alan Kors and Edward Peters (eds.), Witchcraft in Europe, 400-1700:
              A Documentary History (2cd ed, 2001) p. 61-63

If your essay draws on only one source, you can simply indicate page numbers in
parentheses after quotes or other citations, as follows:               (p. 70)

If your essay draws on two or more sources, you must give a full citation (like the one given above)
the first time you cite a given source, as follows: 

2     Norman Cohn, Europe's Inner Demons (rev. ed. 2001), p. xx
3     Burchard of Worms, Corrector Rusticorum in Kors & Peters, p. 67

When there is more than one source, you can insert brief references in parentheses in the text.
Use author or editor's last name, or a short version of the author or title (for instance, Burchard, Cohn
or Canon Episcopi) ) to indicate which of two or more sources you are citing, as follows: 

Second and subsequent references to note #1 above, if using more than one source:
  (Canon Episcopi, p. 62)        or    (Kors and Peters, p. 62). 

Second and subsequent references to note #3 above, if using more than one source:
  (Burchard, p. 67)        or    (Kors and Peters, p. 67). 

Second and subsequent references to note #2, above: (Cohn, p. xx);                         

DO's and DON'Ts

DO Italicize or underline book titles, including abbreviated titles.
Put quotes that are four lines or longer in block quote format
     (single space quote and indent both sides)
Cite your sources, using footnotes/endnotes &/or parenthetical citations  SEE ABOVE

DON'T Use contractions (don't, won't, would've, it's, he's, etc.)
Use second person (you) or first person singular (I)
Better not to split infinitives:. "to quickly go" should be "to go quickly"

AVOID THIS COMMON ERROR:   "its'" doesn't exist
No apostrophe on "its" when used as a possessive
      it's = it is     its = possessive   (example: it's time to go versus its meaning is clear)

LEARN TO SPELL THESE WORDS: medieval  separate
(I'll add more as I think of them.)