HSTEU401          SUGGESTED PAPER TOPICS FOR SECOND PAPER ON MACHIAVELLI
                   
(See also link to topics on women)

LENGTH:8-10 page paper, typed, double spaced, no covers (just a title page)

DUE DATE: Monday Dec. 7 th in class. I’m glad to look at rough drafts.

TOPICS: Students are free to formulate their own topics based on course readings or to pursue any Renaissance Italy topic of interest to them, but run your topic by me before starting.  Numerous individuals from this period make compelling subjects:
Cosimo and Lorenzo dei Medici, Savonarola, Caesar Borgia, Machiavelli, Leo X (first Medici Pope), Julius II (the warrior Pope); among the artists, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael. If you want to write on any of these figures, I can suggest readings and themes to pursue.  The collections of biographies by Vespasiano (Lives of Illustrious Men) and Vasari’s Lives of the Artists are good places to start. But any such papers would reading extra reading.

Topics on Machiavelli: use the The Prince, and relevant selections, from Discourses and Letters in Adams Norton Critical Edition.  The Penguin edition of Discourses on Livy includes excellent introduction to Machiavelli’s political thought by Bernard Crick; I will post links to this and another essay by David Wootton on The Prince (both are optional reading). If you are interested in reading more of Machiavelli’s Discourses on Livy, there are multiple copies in UW Libraries.

1.  Discuss the role of force and violence in the conduct of Machiavelli's Prince.  Are these justified for their own sake or only as a means to an end?

2.  Discuss the concepts of virtù and fortuna in Machiavelli's thought.  What aspects of 15th C. Italian history contributed to his stress on these concepts? Optional: How does republican virtù (in Discourses) differ from princely virtù?

3. Machiavelli is often described as the first political scientist.  Can you see the beginnings of a "science of politics" in The Prince and Discourses?  What kinds of general rules govern political actions, and what kind of evidence does he use to demonstrate the workings of these rules?

4.  How did Machiavelli’s career as a diplomat for the Florentine republic shape his understanding of Italian politics?  Which do you see as a more important influence on his thought, humanism or his own political experience? (For this topic see Letters in Adams edition also posted as link..) 

5.  Compare Machiavelli’s attitude to Roman religion in the Discourses with his attitude to Christianity and the Papal States in The Prince.  What is the role of religion in the state, according to Machiavelli, and why is Roman religion superior for political purposes?  (Chap. 11-12 of Discourses are on religion and are posted as link to Penguin edition).)

6.  Since Machiavelli was a committed republican during his active political career, some historians have questioned the sincerity of the views expressed in The Prince. How serious is the conflict between the republican Machiavelli of the Discourses on Livy and kind of advice to signori given in The Prince?     Are the political views expressed in two works diametrically opposed, or can they be reconciled as fundamentally similar?

7.  Historians have long debated the purpose for which Machiavelli wrote Il principe (The Prince), and the question of to whom it was dedicated.  What is the nature of this debate, and how do the political circumstances of Italy in the years around 1512-1513 affect the discussion?  (You should use David Wootton’s introduction to his translation of The Prince as a guide to the debate; link will be posted; or ask Prof. O’Neil for copy)