Dwarfing of
Hapsburg -
French invasions of Italy: Valois dynasty
1494 Charles VIII of France: first
invasion of Italy
called iby
Ludovico il Moro (Sforza)
Duke of Milan,
who claims Naples
precipitates
Medici exile from Florence
Charles “took
Italy with chalk” (Machiavelli)
1499 Louis XII (Prince, Ch.3)
called in by Venice
against Milan
1515 Francis I
victory at Marignano, occupation of Milan
later
defeated at Pavia 1525 by Charles V
1519 Imperial election: candidates are
Charles I of
Spain (Hapsburg)
Francis I of France
(Valois)
Elector Frederick the Wise of
Saxony
1522-4 struggle for Milan between France & Empire
1525 BATTLE OF PAVIA: Imperial victory,
Francis taken prisoner
1526 TREATY OF MADRID:
Francis renounces claim to
Burgundy, Netherlands,
and Italy,
marries Charles sister
1526 LEAGUE OF COGNAC:
broad alliance against
Charles V by
France, Papacy, Italians
(Milan, Florence, Venice)
1527 SACK OF ROME: by German Imperial troops
Pope Clement VII (Medici) prisoner in