MEDICI SUCCESSION (r. = ruler of Florence)

COSIMO DEI MEDICI (r. 1434-1464)

PIERO DI COSIMO -- Il Gottoso (r. 1464-69): his two sons were

LORENZO THE MAGNIFICENT (r. 1469-1492) & GIULIANO (d. 1478)

 ↓                                                             ↓  

sons: GIOVANNI – Pope LEO X 1513-21 illegitimate son of Giuliano (posthumous):

PIERO (r. 1492-94, d. 1503)                     GIULIO – Cardinal (r. 1519-23)

 becomes POPE CLEMENT VII 1523-34

GIULIANO (his illegitimate son Cardinal IPPOLITO
                       was co-ruler with Alessandro (r. 1523-27)

grandson of Lorenzo Il Magnifico:

LORENZO, DUKE OF URBINO (r. 1513-19) Machiavelli dedicates The Prince to him

daughter Catherine dei Medici, later Queen of France

illegitimate son: ALESSANDRO (r. 1523-27 & 1530-37)

CARDINAL GIULIO (rules Florence 1519-1523; then POPE CLEMENT VII 1523-34)

THE MEDICI “BASTARDS” - co-rulers, 1523-27)

IPPOLITO (illegitimate son of Giuliano di Lorenzo)

ALESSANDRO (illegitimate son of black household slave of Medici
                           father is either Lorenzo, Duke of Urbino or Pope Clement VII
                           Clement favored Alessandro as Duke in 1530 over Ippolito)

1527-30 RESTORATION OF FLORENTINE REPUBLIC

1530 RESTORATION OF ALESSANDRO AS DUKE 1530-37
1537 assassinated as tyrant by his cousin Lorenzino (Lorenzaccio)

1537-65 DUKE COSIMO I: rules as absolute monarch
             1548 arranges assassination of Lorenzaccio as murder of Alessandro