Vocabulary 4.2:
| MASCULINE NOUNS: |
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| darbs, darbam |
work, toil, labor |
sacerējums, -juman |
compostion |
| diktāts, -tam |
dictation |
sākums, sākumam |
beginning, start |
| gads, gadam |
year |
siers, sieram |
cheese |
| jumts, jumtam |
roof |
stāsts, stāstam |
story, tale |
| mežs, mežam |
forest, woods |
vīns, vīnam |
wine |
| prāts, prātam |
mind, sense, intellect |
vīrs, vīram |
man |
| rūķis, rūķim |
dwarf (mostly rukitis) |
zābaks, zābakam |
boot |
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| FEMININE NOUNS: |
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| atzīme, -mei |
mark, grade |
ēšana, ēšanai |
eating |
| bārda, bārdai |
beard |
gulēšana, -šanai |
sleeping |
| desa, desai |
sausage |
lasīšana, -šanai |
reading |
| nedeļa, -ļai |
week |
rakstīšana, -šanai |
writing |
| pudele, -lei |
bottle |
pirmdiena, -nai |
Monday |
| zīme, zīmei |
sign, mark |
otrdiena, -nai |
Tuesday |
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| ADJECTIVES: |
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| interesants, -ta |
interesting |
maz iņš, - ina |
tine (see 4.2.31e) |
| neinteresants, -ta |
uninteresting |
sirms, sirma |
gray |
| vesels, vesela |
1. well, hale |
skaidrs, -dra |
clear |
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2. whole |
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| nevesels, -la |
unwell |
vienāds, -āda |
identical, alike |
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| PRONOUNS: |
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| pats, pati |
self, the very |
tas pats, ta pati |
the same (see 4.2.42) |
| pats, savs |
one’s own (see 4.2.43) |
tāds pats, tāda pati |
similar, alike |
| katrs, savs |
each one’s own |
viens pats, viena pati |
alone, by oneself |
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| ADVERBS: |
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| reiz |
once, at one time |
nekad |
never |
| -reiz |
(suffix) times |
projām/prom |
away, off |
| nu pat |
just now |
kaut kur |
somewhere |
| tieši |
directly, exactly |
šoņedēļ |
this week |
| tāpat ka |
the same as, in the same way |
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| PREPOSTITIONS WITH ACCUSATIVE SINGULAR (and DATIVE PLURAL) |
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| ar |
with |
par |
for, about |
| uz |
to, at, in (the direction of) |
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| INTRODUCTORY PARTICLES/PHRASES: |
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| ja |
if |
ja arī |
even if |
| vienalga k__ no what wh__ |
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| VERBS: |
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| atstāt: atstāj, atstāja, atstās |
(I-reg) tr: |
leave, forsake |
| teikt: teic, teica, teiks |
(I-reg) tr: |
say |
| atteikt |
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say in return |
| veikties: veicas, veicās, veiksies |
(I-reg) tr/itr: |
do well, be good at |
| likties: liekas, likās, liksies |
(I-k/c) itr: |
lay oneself down |
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lk: |
seem (see 4.2.82c) |
| dabūt: dabū, dabūja, dabūs |
(II-u) tr: |
obtain, get |
| domāt: domā, domāja, domās |
(II-a) itr/tr: |
think, intend (+infinitive) |
| izdomat |
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figure out, invent |
| kavēt: kavē, kavēja, kavēs |
(II-e) tr: |
hinder, delay |
| lietot: liekas, likas, liksies |
(II-o) tr: |
use |
| zināt: zina, zināja, zinās |
(III-a) tr/itr: |
know |
| mācīt: māca, māciīa, mācis |
(III-i) tr: |
teach |
| prasit: prasa, prasija, prasis |
(III-i) tr: |
ask, demand |
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| Earlier verbs with New Prefixes: |
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| izsaukt |
call on (ask to perform) |
atstāstit |
retell (a story) |
| uzdot |
assign, give up |
izlasīt |
read (from start to finish) |
| sameklēt |
(search for and) find |
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| MASCULINE NOUNS: |
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| izteiciens, ienam |
expression, phrase |
vārds, vārdam |
word |
| jautājums, -umam |
question |
paragrafs, -fam |
paragraph |
| pārbaudījums, -umam |
test |
raksts, rakstam |
writing, article |
| teikums, -umam |
sentence |
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| FEMININE NOUNS: |
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| atbilde, -dei |
answer |
mācības, -bam |
instruction (plural) |
| balss, balsij |
voice |
nozīme, -mei |
meaning |
| beigas, beigam |
end, conclusion (pl) |
piezīme, -mei |
note, remark |
| dziesma, -mai |
song |
pusdienas, -nam |
midday meal (pl.) |
| frāze, frāzei |
phrase |
rindkopa, -pai |
paragraph |
| kļūda, kļūdai |
mistake, error |
vārdnīca, -cai |
dictionary |
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| DAYS OF THE WEEK: |
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ADVERBIAL FORM: |
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| primdiena, -nai |
Monday |
pirmdien |
on Monday |
| otrdiena, -nai |
Tuesday |
otrdien |
on Tuesday |
| trešdiena, -nai |
Wednesday |
trešdien |
on Wednesday |
| ceturtdiena, -nai |
Thursday |
ceturtdien |
on Thursday |
| piektdiena, -nai |
Friday |
piektdien |
on Friday |
| sestdiena, -nai |
Saturday |
sestdien |
on Saturday |
| svētdiena, -nai |
Sunday |
svētdien |
on Sunday |
The Latvian week begins with Monday. The six workdays are counted off: pirmdiena means ‘the first day’, and sestdiena is the ‘sixth day.’ Finally comes svētdiena ‘the holy day.’ |
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| ADJECTIVES: |
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| pareizs, -za |
correct, right |
nepareizs, -za |
incorrect, wrong |
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| ADVERBS: |
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| pakaļ |
(follow) after (with dative) |
tik un tā |
all the same, anyway |
| pavisam |
in all, totally |
uz augšu |
upward, up |
| pa labi |
to the right |
uz lēju |
downward, down |
| pa kreisi |
to the left |
uz priekšu |
forward, ahead |
| uz kuru pusi |
in which direction |
uz kurieni |
where to, wither |
| uz___ pusi |
in ____ direction |
uz turieni |
to there, that way |
| uz šejieni |
to here, hither, this way |
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| PARTICLES: |
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| pa |
(with accusative singular) on, to (ward) |
gan..., gan... |
intr. now..., now... |
| līdz |
1. intr. until |
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2. pre. (with dative) until, up to |
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3. postpositive along with |
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| VERBS: |
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| sneigt: sniedz, sniedza, sniegs |
I-reg. tr: |
offer, hand |
| iesniegt |
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hand in |
| tikt: tiek, tika, tiks |
I-k/c lk: |
get, become |
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itr: |
get, arrive |
| notikt: notiek, notika, notiks |
I-k/c itr: |
happen, occur |
| mosties: mostas, modās, modīsies |
I-st itr: |
wake |
| pamosties |
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wake up |
| saprast: saprot, saprata, sapratīs |
I-i tr/itr: |
understand |
| diktēt: diktē, diktēja, diktēs |
II-e tr: |
dictate |
| atkārtot: atkārto, atkārtoja, atkārtos |
II-o tr: |
repeat, review |
| labot: labo, laboja, labos |
II-o tr: |
repair, correct |
| pārlabot |
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set right |
| skaidrot: skaidro, skaidroja, skaidros |
II-o tr: |
make clear |
| paskaidrot |
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explain |
| dziedāt: dzied, dziedāja, dziedās |
III-a tr/itr: |
sing |
| raudāt: raud, raudāja, raudās |
III-a itr: |
weep, cry |
| turpināt: turpina, turpināja, turpinās |
III-a tr/itr: |
continue |
| pārbaudīt: pārbauda, pārbaudīja, pārbaudīs |
III-i tr: |
examine, test |
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| Earlier verbs with new prefixes: |
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| izdzert |
drink out or up |
apēst |
eat up |
| iemācīties |
learn (and remember) |
pierakstīt |
write down |
NOTE: The verbs notikt, saprast, atkārtot and pārbaudīt are already prefixed. They have acquired idiomatic meanings and should be treated the same as basic verbs. |
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| NOUNS MADE FROM VERBS |
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The MASCULINE NOUNS WITH –um-s denote an ACT or a RESULT of an action. They are derived from the PAST principal part. |
| sāk-a |
began |
sāk-um-s |
beginning |
| tei c-a |
said |
tei k-um-s |
sentence (-c- to –k- before –u-) |
| jautāj-a |
asked |
jautāj-um-s |
question |
| sacerēj-a |
composed |
sacerēj-um-s |
composition |
| pārbaudīj-a |
tested |
pārbaudīj-um-s |
test |
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The FEMININE NOUNS WITH –šan-a denote a continued ACTION. They are derived from the FUTURE principal part: |
| lasīs |
will read |
lasī-šan-a |
reading |
| rakstīs |
will write |
rakstī-šan-a |
writing |
| dziedās |
will sing |
dziedā-šan-a |
singing |
| gulēs |
will sleep |
gulē-šan-a |
sleeping |
| ēdīs |
will eat |
ē-šan-a |
eating (from ed-šan-a – a subpattern) |
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| PREPOSITIONS WITH THE ACCUSATIVE SINGULAR (and DATIVE PLURAL) |
| ap |
around |
pa |
all over (on/in), through |
| pret |
against |
ar |
with |
| par |
for, about |
starp |
between |
| gar |
alongside |
pār |
across |
| caur |
through |
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