Vocabulary 5.1:
| MASCULINE NOUNS: |
|
|
|
| apavi, -viem |
footwear |
gals, galam |
end; tip |
| apğērbs, -bam |
clothing |
lielums, -umam |
size |
| bars, baram |
crowd |
lietus, lietum |
rain |
| brauciens, -am |
drive, trip |
pāris, pārim |
pair indecli. a pair, a few |
| centrs, -tram |
center |
vīrietis, -tim |
man, male |
| gabals, -lam |
piece |
universālveikas |
department store |
| |
|
|
|
| FEMININE NOUNS: |
|
|
|
| daļa, daļai |
part, portion |
kabata, kabatai |
pocket |
| ğimene, ğimenei |
family |
nedēļas nogale |
weekend |
| izpārdošana, -ai |
sale |
prece, precei |
article/thing for sale |
| mašīna, mašīnai |
machine, engine; car |
pirkšana, -šanai |
buying |
| automašīna, -nai |
motor vehicle, car |
riepa, riepai |
tire |
| nauda, naudai |
money |
rokas soma |
handbag, purse |
| nodaļa, nodaļai |
section, department |
sieviete, -tei |
woman, female |
| vasara, vasarai |
summer |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| ADJECTIVES: |
|
|
|
| dārgs, dārga |
dear, expensive |
pieskaņots, -ota |
matching |
| vajadzīgs, -īga |
needed, necessary |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| PRONOUNS: |
|
|
|
| kaut kas |
something |
viss kas |
all kinds of things |
| |
|
|
|
| ADVERBS: |
|
|
|
| daudz |
much |
pārāk |
too, overly |
| vairāk |
more |
tālāk |
further, farther |
| maz |
little, few |
vis maz |
at least |
| mazāk |
less |
klāt |
near, close; present |
| labāk |
better |
tomēr |
still, nevertheless |
| drīz |
soon |
gan drīz |
almost, nearly |
| no šejienes |
from here |
no turienes |
from there |
| no kurienes |
from where, whence |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| FUNCTION WORDS: |
|
|
|
| kamēr |
intro. while |
ne tikai – bet arī |
conj. not only – but also |
| |
|
|
|
| Some PREPOSITIONS that take GENITIVE SINGULAR (and Dative Plural): |
| bez |
without; besides |
pie |
at, near, beside, by |
| pirms |
before |
dēļ |
for (the sake of) |
| no |
from, out of |
pēc |
after |
| |
|
|
|
| VERBS: |
|
|
|
| braukt: brauc, brauca, brauks |
I-Reg itr: |
travel (in a vehicle), ride |
| aizbraukt |
|
go to |
| izbraukt |
|
leave, set out |
| pārdot: pārdod, pārdeva, pārdos |
I-Reg tr: |
sell |
| izpardot |
|
put on sale |
| pirkt: pēŗk, pirka, pirks |
I-k/c tr: |
buy, purchase |
| izpirkt |
|
buy out |
| nopirkt |
|
buy |
| sapirkt |
|
buy in quantity |
| pirkties: pēŗkas, pirkas, pirksies |
I-k/c tr/itr: |
shop |
| iepirkties |
|
go/do shopping |
| tērēt: tērē, tērēja, tērēs |
II-e tr: |
spend; waste |
| izterēt |
|
spend/waste all |
| noterēt |
|
spend/waste all, use up |
| derēt: der, derēja, derēs |
III-e itr/tr: |
fit, be suitable/useful |
| palīdzēt: palīdz, palīdzēja, palīdzēs |
III-e tr: |
(w. dat. obj.) help, aid |
| vajadzēt: vajag, vajadzēja, vajadzēs |
III-e tr: |
(w. gen. obj.) have a need of |
| manīt: mana, manīja, manīs |
III-I tr: |
perceive, notice |
| pamanīt |
III-I tr: |
notice |
| vadīt: vada, vadīja, vadīs |
|
lead, conduct, guide; drive (a car) |
| pavadīt |
|
accompany; pass/spend time |
| |
|
|
| Earlier verbs with NEW PREFIXES: |
|
|
| pastāstīt |
tell, recount |
pienākt |
come up to, approach |
| izkāpt |
climb out; get off (a vehicle) |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| MASCULINE NOUNS: |
|
|
|
| cents, centam |
cent |
pārdevējs, -ējam |
sales clerk |
| dolārs, -ram |
dollar |
sēdeklis, -eklim |
seat |
| dzēriens, -ienam |
drink |
pārtikas veikals |
grocery store |
| ēdiens, -ienam |
food |
ēdienu veikals |
diner |
| |
|
|
|
| FEMININE NOUNS: |
|
|
|
| cena, cenai |
price |
pārdevēja, -ējai |
sales clerk |
| cenas zīme |
price tag |
pārtika, -kai |
food (stuffs), provisions |
| iela, ielai |
street |
braukšana, -šanai |
driving |
| sāniela, -ai |
side street |
lete, letei |
counter |
| |
|
|
|
| PARTICLES: |
|
|
|
| cik (interrogative) |
How much, how many |
|
|
| uz (preposition + genitive singular) |
on |
|
| pāris (indeclination = adverb) |
a few, a pair |
|
| drusku (adverb) |
a little bit, a little |
|
| |
|
|
|
| VERBS: |
|
|
|
| nest: nes, nesa, nesīs |
I-reg tr: |
tote, carry (in arms) |
| aiznest |
|
to take |
| rast: rod, rada, radīs |
I-reg tr: |
find, mostly |
| atrast |
|
find |
| iztikt: iztiek, iztika, iztiks |
I-k/c itr: |
manage, get by; (tr + bez) |
| aizmirst: aizmirst, aizmirsa, aizmirsīs |
I-st tr: |
forget |
| līt: līst, līja, līs |
I-st itr: |
rain, pour |
| maksāt: maksā, maksāja, maksās |
II-a itr: |
cost; (tr: pay for) |
| samaksāt |
|
pay |
| atcerēties: atceras, atcerējās, atcerēsies |
III-e tr/itr: |
remember |
| gribēties: gribas, gribējās, gribēsies |
III-e tr: |
(with genitive object) desire, want |
| gaidīt: gaida, gaidīja, gaidīs |
III-I tr/itr: |
wait (for) |
| pagaidīt |
|
wait a little |
| |
|
|
| Earlier Verbs with NEW PREFIXES: |
|
|
| ieiet |
walk in, enter |
paēst |
eat one’s full |
| ieēst |
have a bite/snack |
izdarīt |
accomplish, carry out, do |
| iesaukties |
exclaim (suddenly) |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| NOUNS FROM VERBS: |
|
|
|
| Past principal part: |
brauc-a |
drove |
| |
brauc iens |
drive, trip |
| Past principal part: |
ēd-a |
ate |
| |
ēd iens |
food |
| Past principal part: |
dzēr-a |
drank |
| |
dzēr iens |
drink |
| Past principal part: |
pārdev-a |
sold |
| |
pārde vējs, (fem. parde vēja) |
sales clerk |
| Infinitive: |
vad īt |
to manage |
| |
vadī tājs (fem. vadī tāja) |
manager |
| Future principal part: |
brauk s |
will drive |
| |
brauk šana |
driving |
| Future principal part: |
pirks |
will buy |
| |
pirk šana |
buying |
| Future principal part: |
izpārdos |
will put |
| |
izpārdo šana |
sale/on sale |
| |
|
|
| NAMES ON MATERIALS (for exercises) |
|
|
| koks, kokam |
wood |
āda, ādai |
leather, fur, skin |
| metāls, metālam |
metal |
drēbe, drēbei |
cloth, fabric |
| papīrs, papīram |
paper |
plastmasa, -masai |
plastic |
| |
|
|
|
| Examples (see 5.1.22) |
|
|
| koka galds |
woo den table |
metāla krēsls |
metal chair |
| papīra krūzīte |
paper cup |
ādas kurpes |
leather shoes |
| drēbes soma |
fabric bag |
plastmasas trauki |
plastic dishes |
| |
|
|
|
| Vai tās mēbeles ir koka vai plastmasas? |
| Is that furniture (made) of wood or plastic? |
| |
|
|
|
| Galds ir (no) koka, bet krēsli metāla un plastmasas. |
| The table is (made) of wood, but the chairs (are made of) metal and plastic. |
| |
|
|
|
| Man patīk šī ādas soma. Cik tā maksā? |
| I like this leather purse. How much does it cost? |
| |
| 5.1 Additional Vocabulary for the Reading Exercises |
| |
| MASCULINE NOUNS: |
|
|
|
| brālēns, -ēnam |
cousin |
vadītājs, -tājam |
manager, leader |
| kungs, kungam |
lord; Mr. |
dvielis, dvielim |
towel |
| palīgs, -līgam |
helper, aide |
krīts, krītam |
chalk |
| |
|
|
|
| FEMININE NOUNS: |
|
|
|
| māsīca, -icai |
cousin |
kravas, (auto) mašīna |
truck, van |
| kundze, kundzei |
lady; Mrs. |
vadītāja, -tājai |
manager, leader |
| palīdze, -dzei |
helper, aide |
firma, firmai |
firm, company |
| tāfele, tāfelei |
chalkboard |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| PRONOUNS: |
|
|
|
| ne kāds, ne kāda |
no, not a (see 5.1.61b) |
viss kas cits |
everything else |
| |
|
|
|
| preposition with genitive singular: |
|
|
| zem |
under |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| VERBS: |
|
|
|
| rasties: rodas, radās, radīsies |
I-reg itr: |
come into being |
| ierasties |
|
show up |
| trūkt: trūkst, trūka, trūks |
I-st itr: |
snap apart; tr: (with genitive object) lack |
| vest: ved, veda, vedīs |
I-reg tr: |
carry (in a vehicle) |
| atvest |
|
carry hither |
| strādāt: strādā, strādāja, strādās |
II-a itr/tr: |
work |
| |
|
|
| Earlier Verb with a NEW PREFIX: |
|
|
| piebraukt |
drive up |
|
|
|
