{"id":996,"date":"2017-08-19T22:31:35","date_gmt":"2017-08-19T22:31:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/ps385\/?p=996"},"modified":"2017-08-19T22:31:35","modified_gmt":"2017-08-19T22:31:35","slug":"making-aquaculture-sustainable","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/ps385\/making-aquaculture-sustainable\/","title":{"rendered":"Making Aquaculture Sustainable\u2026"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u201cAquaculture is a rapidly growing, highly valued and extremely important sector of the seafood industry. It is predicted that by 2030 it will account for more than 60% of global seafood production\u201d (Dowle et al.).<\/p>\n

\"\"There are two basic forms of aquaculture, extensive systems and intensive systems.\u00a0 Extensive systems are powered by the sun, have a relatively low environmental impact and are self-sustaining and self-regulating.\u00a0 Extensive systems piggy back off of Mother Nature, so they are not suitable in all regions and require more land in general.\u00a0 But they are cleaner and more efficient because they employ nature.\u00a0 One such system, \u201c\u2026has evolved in China over the centuries\u2026In a carp polyculture production system, four species of carp are frown together.\u00a0 One species feeds on phytoplankton.\u00a0 One feeds on zooplankton.\u00a0 A third feeds on aquatic grass.\u00a0 And the fourth is a bottom feeder.\u00a0 These four species thus form a small ecosystem, with each filling a particular niche.\u00a0 This multi species system accounts for the major part of China\u2019s carp harvest of 16 million tons in 2011\u201d (Brown 33-34).\u00a0 So while extensive systems take a more \u2018hands off\u2019 approach, they are still capable of producing significant numbers of fish.<\/p>\n

\"\"Unlike extensive systems, intensive aquaculture relies on external food supplies and cleaning.\u00a0 They also have a much higher environmental impact than extensive systems.\u00a0 It\u2019s not surprising that the concerns toward aquaculture has been directed toward intensive systems.\u00a0 \u201cEnvironmental impacts from these systems include nutrient enrichment of the surrounding water and sediment due to discharged waste food, fecal matter and excretory products\u201d (Dowle et al.).\u00a0 The result is the seafloor underneath and around the intensive system becomes inundated with waste, which adversely impacts surrounding life.\u00a0 Extensive systems need less interference and are the safer route, but intensive systems will have a role to play if the aquaculture industry is to make a significant contribution to fill the world\u2019s demand for food and more specifically animal protein.<\/p>\n

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Brown, Lester R.\u00a0Full Planet, Empty Plates : the New Geopolitics of Food Scarcity<\/em>. First ed., New York, W.W. Norton &Amp; Company, 2012.<\/p>\n

Dowle, Eddy, et al. \u201cAssessing the Effects of Salmon Farming Seabed Enrichment Using Bacterial Community Diversity and High-Throughput Sequencing.\u201d\u00a0FEMS Microbiology Ecology<\/em>, vol. 91, no. 8, 2015, pp. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 2015, Vol. 91(8).<\/p>\n

Figure 1 \u201cBlue Crab Aquaculture.\u201d\u00a0 Blue Crab Farming, 2013, http:\/\/bluecrabfarms.com\/blue-crab-aquaculture\/types-of-crab-farms<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Figure 2 \u201cAquaculture: The Evironmental Impact.\u201d\u00a0 Mother Jones, WordPress.com, 1 March 2006, http:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/environment\/2006\/03\/aquaculture-environmental-impact\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  \u201cAquaculture is a rapidly growing, highly valued and extremely important sector of the seafood industry. It is predicted that by 2030 it will account for more than 60% of global seafood production\u201d (Dowle et al.). There are two basic forms of aquaculture, extensive systems and intensive systems.\u00a0 Extensive systems are powered by the sun, have a relatively low environmental… Read more »<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,21,22,15],"tags":[315,33,40,64,244],"class_list":["post-996","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-animals","category-consumption","category-farming","category-water","tag-aquaculture","tag-industrial-food-system","tag-soil-water","tag-sustainability","tag-world-food-system"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/ps385\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/996","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/ps385\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/ps385\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/ps385\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/ps385\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=996"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/ps385\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/996\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1001,"href":"http:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/ps385\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/996\/revisions\/1001"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/ps385\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=996"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/ps385\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=996"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/ps385\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=996"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}