| Ways
of knowing (in
list, Italics
= Non Method, bold
= a method) |
- Tenacity -
by always knowing it to
be true (not a method of
knowing)
- Authority -
Know it by going to a
book, or a reference (not
a method of knowing)
- Empiricism
- knowledge through
observation
- Intuition -
having insight, gut
feeling, knowing in a
"flash" -
mystical experiences.
- Reason -
Logic - Uses deduction
and induction.
Deduction - used to prove
things - Flawless when
followed using rules of
logic
Requires that your
premises is correct
All
dogs are Animals
Spot is a dog
Spot is an animal - TRUE!
Induction - Arguing from
specific to General -
"the problem of
induction"
Spot is a dog
A
dog is an animal
All Animals are Dogs -
FALSE!
|
| Induction's
other greatest problem is
observed in the raven
paradox - a
scientist is wanting to
prove that all ravens are
black. So the scientist
goes out and looks to
find a raven, brings the
bird back to the
laboratory, and finds
that it is completely
black, and proves that it
is a raven. However,
through induction he must
find all ravens in the
entire world, the
universe, parallel
dimensions etc. Just one
counter-instance would
disprove the hypothesis. |
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