GENERAL
FORMAT: Papers should be typed, double spaced; with title page
including your name, paper title, date, course, section, and
TA’s name.
The
basic purpose of scholarly citations is that the reader should be able to track
down your sources for
direct quotes and for ideas or information taken from a specific source.
The general rule about citations
is to follow a consistent format, including relevant publication information.
You may follow any consistent
format (historians use Turabian's University of
Chicago Manual of Style, literature people use Modern
Language Assn (MLA) format. Any consistent format is fine; we are suggesting
here a shortened format
you may also use.
Endnotes
and footnotes differ only in where they are located; footnotes are at the foot
of the page, while
endnotes are at the end of the paper. Either is fine, though endnotes
are generally easier, unless your
computer program makes footnotes just as easy. Also, note that endnotes
do not need to be on a
separate page, so long as there is still room on your last page.
Since
we are using Course Readers for the major sources assigned, you need to be able
to cite these
sources: primary sources (original documents) from Course Reader 3, and secondary
sources (historical
overview) from Course Reader 1 or Art History scholars from Course Reader 2)/
Papers will draw mainly on
texts in Course Reader 3 since they are primary sources. You are welcome to
cite other readings as well.
For this
course, we are suggesting the following simplified format, where a complete
citation is first given
in a note, and later citations are indicated by page numbers in parentheses.
You can use page numbers
of the published work (as in Livy, p. x) or the number
assigned in Course Readers (Reader, p. XX).
For
the first citation of a work, give the complete reference, either in a footnote
(bottom of page)
or an endnote (at end of paper), using a numbered note 1, as follows:
1
Livy, History
of the
Subsequent citations to this work will be indicated in parenthesis
in the text.
(Livy, pp. )
If
your essay draws on two or more sources, you must give a full citation (like
the one given above) the
first time you cite a given source, as follows:
2
Tacticus, Annales,
Nero, in Course Reader 3, p. xxx. Subsequent citations to this work
will be indicated in parenthesis in the text. (Tacitus, p.
)
3 Augustus, Res Gestae Augusti, in Course Reader 3, pp. x.
When
there is more than one source, you should use the author's last name,
or a short version of the title
(for instance, Livy, Tacitus, Augustus or Res
Gestae, Suetonius) to indicate which of two or
more sources
you are citing, as follows:
Second
and subsequent references to note #1 above if using more than one source:
(Livy, p. x)
or (Course Reader, p. xx).
Second and subsequent references to note #2, above:
(Tacitus, p. 270)
or (Course Reader, p. xxx).
DO'S AND DON'TS
DO
Italicize
or underline book titles, including abbreviated titles.
Put quotes that are four lines or longer in block quote format
(single space the quote and indent both sides
OR
single space and use smaller font size)
Cite your sources, using footnotes/endnotes &/or parenthetical citations
(title of book, pg #) or (name of author, pg
#)] SEE ABOVE
Use third person (he/she/one).
DON’T
Use second person (you) or first person singular (I)
Use its' -- there is no apostrophe on "its" when used as a possessive
it's = it is its
= possessive [its' doesn't exist]
Split infinitive verb forms - example. "to quickly go" should be
"to go quickly"