Seminar Abstract:

Marine Protected Areas (MPA) are developing rapidly in response to the world-wide degradation of marine environments andfisheries. Four basic types of MPAs can be distinguished:  a) Sanctuaries,  b) Marine Reserves,  c) Fishery Reserves,  d) Marine Parks. The management categories of  “No-take area” or “Takearea”have been applied ( in different ways) to the four MPA types.This present ation centersaround the 20 year basic and applied experimental ecological knowledge obtained from the Las Cruces Marine Reserve (Central Chile, P.Universidad Católicade Chile) and from the derived small-scale benthic artisanal Fishery Reserves, known in Chile as  Marine Exploitationad Management Areas (MEAs), where  Territorial Use Rights in Fisheries(TURFs) have beenassigned to fishers. The co-management approaches used in Chile for the rationalmanagementof MEA´ benthic fisheries are discussed.The institutionalization of these management practices for the small-scale fishery of Chile and the potentialfor their use in other countries are discussed. Finally, theurgent need for the establishment of  MPAs networks, including the fourmain types, to sustain (and enhance) fisheries along coastal realms is stressed.

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Juan Carlos Castilla is a Professor in Oceanography andMarine Biology at the Catholic University of Chile. Castilla’s researchhas focused on Coastal Marine Ecology, Conservation and the Managementof CoastalResources. During the past 20 years he has investigated the structure and dynamicsof rocky shore communities in central and northern Chile via manipulative fieldtechniques using experimental protocols. The role played by key-stone predators(invertebrate and vertebrates) and ecosystem engineer species has constitutedthe major focus of interest. The ecological role played by humans as usersof coastal resources and environments (food-gathers, artisanal fishers,throughindustrial activities) has been intensively investigated by Castilla throughthe establishment in 1982 of the Las Cruces Marine Coastal Research Station(Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas).Thisis a unique researchfacility in Chile and in Latin America, which has been the focus for more than50 basic and applied ecological papers.

Marine ecosystem approaches have been used to explore innovative ways for the rational use of coastal resources through the institutionalization of ecological knowledge in Chilean laws.
For more bibliographic information, see:

• Robinson, C. 2001. Conserving Coastal Commodities: Castilla Collaborates with Chilean Fisheres to Preserve the Catch. Marituentas January-June: 4-5, 16-17.

• Castilla, J. C. and M. Fernández 1998. Small-scale benthic fisheries in Chile: on co-management and sustainable use of benthic invertebrates.Ecological Applications 8(1) Supplement:S124- S132.

• Castilla, J.C and M. Fernández 1999.Coastal marine community-ecosystem approaches in invertebrate multispecies management "take" and "no-take" areas network and Territorial Use Rights in Fisheries(TURFs). In: Proceedings of the Norway/UN Conferenceon the ecosystem approach for sustainable use of biological diversity. Edited by  P.J. Schei , O..T.Sandlund and R. Strand. Directorateof Nature Management(DN) and Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA).pp.137-142.

• Castilla, J.C. 2000. Roles of Experimental Marine Ecology in coastal management and conservation. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 250:

Other Selected Publications (optional):

• Castilla,  J. C 1994.  The Chilean small-scale benthic shellfisheries and the institutionalization of new management practices. Ecology International Bulletin 21: 47-63

• Fernández, M and J. C.Castilla 1997.The Chilean artisanal stone crab (Homalaspis plana) fishery:catch trends in open access zones and the effect of management areas in central Chile. Journal of Shellfish Research16:371-377.

• Botsford, L.W., J. C. Castillaand C.H. Peterson.  1997. The management of fisheries and marine ecosystems. Science 277:509-515.

• Castilla, J.C., Manríquez,P., Alvarado,J.,Rosson, A., Pino, C., Espoz, C., Soto,  R., Oliva, D.and O. Defeo.1998.  Artisanal "Caletas" as units of production and co-managers of benthic invertebrates in Chile. In:Proceedings of the North Pacific Symposiumon Invertebrates Stock Assessment and Management. Edited by G.S.Jamieson and A. Campbell. Canadian Special Publication Fishery and Aquatic Science 125:407-413.

• Castilla, J.C. 1999. Coastal marine communities:trends and perspectives from human-exclusion experiments . TREE14: 280-283.

Last modified 12/9/2001

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