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Ierley, Mierrit. “The Bathroom: An Epic.” American Heritage. V50 May 1999:76. Journal online accessed on 28 February, 2001.

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Ogle, Maureen. All the Modern Conveniences- American Household Plumbing, 1840-1890. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.

Palmer, Roy. The Water Closet. Great Britain: David and Charles, Newton Arbor, 1973.

Sigerist, E. Henry. Landmarks in the History of Hygiene. London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1956.

Wright, Lawrence. Clean and Decent - The Fascinating History of the Bathroom and the Water Closet. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1960.