The ratchet and sockets are the most frequently used tools during this lab. Sockets come in various sizes and lengths to accommodate a variety of fasteners, mainly nuts and bolts. Sockets are available in 6, 8 and 12 point, however 6 and 12 point are most common in this laboratory, to match the hexagon head bolts and nuts. Sockets are typically made from a variety of hardened steels. Socket sets are either in metric or standard SAE sizes. The square drive hole at the end of each socket also comes in a variety of sizes; ranging from ¼" to 1". These square ends are used to connect the sockets to the ratchet or nut-driver depending on the application for which they are needed. Socket adapters can also be used to match different socket sizes with different ratchets, furthermore extension pieces and elbows can be used for some situations.
The ratchet can be set to tighten (clockwise), or loosen (counter-clockwise) by using the selector knob on the backside of the ratchet. Ratchets have many advantages including the ability to be used in tight places, as well as being able to loosen bolts at very high torque, and re-tighten them to the same torque. As well, the variety of combinations and adaptability, makes the ratchet and socket very useful tools. The magnitude of maximum torque varies with the size of the ratchet.
