BREAKS WITHIN THE
REFORMED CAMP: WITTENBERG & ZWINGLI
I. Events
1521-22 Luther in Wartburg; Phillip Melanchthon in
Issues: Mass, form of communion, celibacy of clergy,
images
Leaders: Gabriel Zwilling (ex-Augustinian monk)
Andreas
von Karlstadt (university professor)
Leaders: Thomas Müntzer
(religious mystic & social radical)
Nicholas von Storch (illiterate
clothmaker) Mark
Stubner (student)
Beliefs: Charismatic spiritualists: claim private revelations,
authority of Holy Spirit (first
voices of radical reformation)
Luther's Reaction
Dec. 1521
"Sincere Admonition to Guard Against Insurrection &
Rebellion"
Mar. 1522 "Invocavit
Sermons" (text in Hillerbrand): respect for “weaker consciences”
1522 Wittenberg
Ordinance: codifies Lutheran
version of liturgical reform, reform of Mass,
removal
of images gradually, clerical marriage, abolition of confraternities &
private masses;
prohibition of begging;
establishment of "community chest" for poor relief
II. Ulrich Zwingli
Reformation in
Zwingli's career:
Catholic priest, humanist student of Greek N.T.
central approach: humanist
exegesis (interpretation of Scripture)
focusing
on original meaning of Greek texts
"negative Scriptural
principle": reject all non-Scriptural practices
1522, break with Catholicism over issue of fasting
during Lent
1523 67 Articles: rejection of papal authority
mass as remembrance
not sacrifice
no saints or images (ICONOCLASM:
breaking of images)
celibacy (Zwingli
marries 1522 secretly; 1524 publicly)
Sacramentarian Controversy: Luther versus Zwingli
Z: 1525 On True & False Religion:
linguistic argument against Luther over meaning of "Hoc Est Enim Corpus
Meum"
L: 1526
Sermon on the Sacrament of the Body & Blood of Christ Against the
Fanatics
Z: 1527
Friendly Exegesis
L: 1527
That These Words "This is my Body" Still Stand, Agst the
Fanatics
Z: 1527
That the Words "This is my Body" Still Have Their Original
Meaning
L: 1528
Great Confession Concerning the Lord's Supper
1529
Civil War in
Zwingli dies in battle, 1531
Church-State Relations:
Zwingli's "theocracy" and the city-state