{"id":309,"date":"2023-06-02T17:44:56","date_gmt":"2023-06-03T00:44:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/?page_id=309"},"modified":"2026-06-01T17:20:19","modified_gmt":"2026-06-02T00:20:19","slug":"curriculum-schedule-2022","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/curriculum-schedule\/curriculum-schedule-archive\/curriculum-schedule-2022\/","title":{"rendered":"Curriculum &#038; Schedule 2022"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Curriculum<\/h2>\n<p>The virtual course will use a mix of short (20-30 min) lectures, case studies, and break-out discussion groups.<\/p>\n<h2>Agenda<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Times are listed in pacific time, separate theme for each day (see below)<\/li>\n<li>Each talk is a 20-minute presentation, including a brief Q&amp;A \/ <a href=\"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/expert-panel\/\">Expert panel<\/a> discussion sessions (2-4 people)<\/li>\n<li>Breakout discussions will encourage interactions among participants<\/li>\n<li>Video recordings and presentation slides have been added to the topics in the agenda below (<em>Updated 9\/26\/2022<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<section aria-label=\"widget_custom_html amr_widget\" id=\"custom_html-8\" class=\"widget_text widget widget_custom_html amr_widget\"><span style=\"display: none\">Table Schedule 2022<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"textwidget custom-html-widget\">\n<div class=\"accordion  \" id=\"accordion\">\n<div class=\"screen-reader-text\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"card\">\n<div class=\"card-header\" id=\"accordion-header\">\n<h3 class=\"mb-0\"><button class=\"btn btn-link\" type=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#collapse\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"collapse\"><span class=\"btn-text\">Sept 12 \u2013 Immunology &amp; Vaccines<\/span><span class=\"arrow-box\"><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"collapse\" class=\"collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion\" role=\"region\">\n<div class=\"table-responsive\">\n<table class=\"table table-clear-default table-hover\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Time<\/th>\n<th>Topic<\/th>\n<th>Speaker<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><time>7:30-7:40<\/time><\/td>\n<td>Welcome &amp; Logistics<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>7:40\u20138:00<\/time><\/td>\n<td>\n<details>\n<summary class=\"yt-summary-link\">Innate immunity and host-directed therapies<\/summary>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/1_Hawn-TB-Innate-Immunity-Adv-TB-Course-091122.pptx\">Presentation slides<\/a><br \/>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/keS3IM6WSbI?start=564&#038;end=1661\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><br \/>\n<\/details>\n<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/aid.uw.edu\/people\/faculty\/infectious-diseases\/Thomas-Hawn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tom Hawn<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>8:00-8:20<\/time><\/td>\n<td>\n<details>\n<summary class=\"yt-summary-link\">Back to the future with BCG<\/summary>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/2_Sesahdri_BCG_20220912_Advanced_TB_Course_Seshadri.pptx\">Presentation slides<\/a><br \/>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/keS3IM6WSbI?start=1661&#038;end=3021\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><br \/>\n<\/details>\n<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/aid.uw.edu\/people\/faculty\/infectious-diseases\/chetan-seshadri\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chetan Seshadri<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>8:20-8:40<\/time><\/td>\n<td>\n<details>\n<summary class=\"yt-summary-link\">Insights from animal model studies<\/summary>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/3_Urdahl_InsightsfromAnimals091222.pptx\">Presentation slides<\/a><br \/>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/keS3IM6WSbI?start=3021&#038;end=4128\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><br \/>\n<\/details>\n<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.seattlechildrens.org\/directory\/kevin-bradley-urdahl\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kevin Urdahl<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>8:40-9:00<\/time><\/td>\n<td>\n<details>\n<summary class=\"yt-summary-link\">Host-pathogen interactions in the lungs<\/summary>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/4_TRTC_RColer.pdf\">Presentation slides<\/a><br \/>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/keS3IM6WSbI?start=4128\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><br \/>\n<\/details>\n<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.seattlechildrens.org\/directory\/rhea-coler\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rhea Coler<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>9:00-9:10<\/time><\/td>\n<td><i>Break<\/i><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>9:10-9:30<\/time><\/td>\n<td>\n<details>\n<summary class=\"yt-summary-link\">Status of current vaccines and vaccine trials<\/summary>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/5_Fiore_TB_vaccines_TRTC_course_2022-SEP.pptx\">Presentation slides<\/a><br \/>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/RXvo_vkybzs?start=1&#038;end=1360\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><br \/>\n<\/details>\n<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fredhutch.org\/en\/research\/divisions\/vaccine-infectious-disease-division\/faculty-labs\/vidd-staff-scientists-physicians\/fiore-gartland-andrew.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Andrew Fiore-Gartland<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>9:30-10:30<\/time><\/td>\n<td>\n<details>\n<summary class=\"yt-summary-link\">Expert Panel Roundtable<\/summary>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/RXvo_vkybzs?start=1360\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><br \/>\n<\/details>\n<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"su-lightbox\" data-mfp-src=\"#Willem-Hanekom\" data-mfp-type=\"inline\" data-mobile=\"yes\"> <a href=\"#\">Willem Hanekom (AHRI)<\/a> <\/span>,<br \/>\nBirgitte Geising (WHO)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>10:30-10:55<\/time><\/td>\n<td>Breakout Discussions<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>10:55-11:00<\/time><\/td>\n<td>Report Back &amp; Close<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<tfoot>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\n<details>\n<summary class=\"yt-summary-link\">Recording 1<\/summary>\n<div class=\"su-youtube su-u-responsive-media-yes\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/keS3IM6WSbI?\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media; picture-in-picture\" title=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\n<details>\n<summary class=\"yt-summary-link\">Recording 2<\/summary>\n<div class=\"su-youtube su-u-responsive-media-yes\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/RXvo_vkybzs?\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media; picture-in-picture\" title=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\"><!--Chat Transcript--><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tfoot>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"card\">\n<div class=\"card-header\" id=\"accordion-header\">\n<h3 class=\"mb-0\"><button class=\"btn btn-link\" type=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#collapse\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"collapse\"><span class=\"btn-text\">Sept 13 \u2013 Pathogenesis &amp; Treatment<\/span><span class=\"arrow-box\"><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"collapse\" class=\"collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion\" role=\"region\">\n<div class=\"table-responsive\">\n<table class=\"table table-clear-default table-hover\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Time<\/th>\n<th>Topic<\/th>\n<th>Speaker<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><time>7:30-7:40<\/time><\/td>\n<td>Welcome &amp; Logistics<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>7:40\u20138:00<\/time><\/td>\n<td>\n<details>\n<summary class=\"yt-summary-link\">Update on TB pathogenesis and drug targets<\/summary>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/1_TRTC_TB-Course_KA.pdf\">Presentation slides<\/a><br \/>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/QnUirpKJxus?start=474&#038;end=2087\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><br \/>\n<\/details>\n<\/td>\n<td>Kristin Adams<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>8:00-8:20<\/time><\/td>\n<td>\n<details>\n<summary class=\"yt-summary-link\">Systems biology tools to accelerate TB drug discovery<\/summary>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/QnUirpKJxus?start=2087&#038;end=3610\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><br \/>\n<\/details>\n<\/td>\n<td>Nitin Baliga<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>8:20-8:40<\/time><\/td>\n<td>\n<details>\n<summary class=\"yt-summary-link\">Drug Discovery and Development<\/summary>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/3_TRTC-Course-Parish-2022.pptx\">Presentation slides<\/a><br \/>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/QnUirpKJxus?start=3610\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><br \/>\n<\/details>\n<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.seattlechildrens.org\/directory\/tanya-parish\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tanya Parish<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>8:40-9:00<\/time><\/td>\n<td>\n<details>\n<summary class=\"yt-summary-link\">Treatment and regimens for DS-TB and people with HIV<\/summary>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/heW7NuxeZJw?start=63&#038;end=1379\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><br \/>\n<\/details>\n<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/globalhealth.washington.edu\/faculty\/adrienne-shapiro\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Adrienne Shapiro<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>9:00-9:10<\/time><\/td>\n<td><i>Break<\/i><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>9:10-9:30<\/time><\/td>\n<td>\n<details>\n<summary class=\"yt-summary-link\">MDR-TB<\/summary>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/heW7NuxeZJw?start=1379&#038;end=2675\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><br \/>\n<\/details>\n<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/pulmccsm.uw.edu\/faculty\/masa-narita-md\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Masa Narita<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>9:30-10:30<\/time><\/td>\n<td>\n<details>\n<summary class=\"yt-summary-link\">Expert Panel Roundtable<\/summary>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/heW7NuxeZJw?start=2675\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><br \/>\n<\/details>\n<\/td>\n<td>Khisi Mdluli (Gates Research Institute),<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.seattlechildrens.org\/directory\/tanya-parish\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tanya Parish (UW)<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>10:30-10:55<\/time><\/td>\n<td>Breakout Discussions<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>10:55-11:00<\/time><\/td>\n<td>Report Back &amp; Close<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<tfoot>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\n<details>\n<summary class=\"yt-summary-link\">Recording 1<\/summary>\n<div class=\"su-youtube su-u-responsive-media-yes\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/QnUirpKJxus?\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media; picture-in-picture\" title=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\n<details>\n<summary class=\"yt-summary-link\">Recording 2<\/summary>\n<div class=\"su-youtube su-u-responsive-media-yes\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/heW7NuxeZJw?\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media; picture-in-picture\" title=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\"><!--Chat Transcript--><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tfoot>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"card\">\n<div class=\"card-header\" id=\"accordion-header\">\n<h3 class=\"mb-0\"><button class=\"btn btn-link\" type=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#collapse\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"collapse\"><span class=\"btn-text\">Sept 14 \u2013 Biomarkers, Diagnostics &amp; Case Finding<\/span><span class=\"arrow-box\"><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"collapse\" class=\"collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion\" role=\"region\">\n<div class=\"table-responsive\">\n<table class=\"table table-clear-default table-hover\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Time<\/th>\n<th>Topic<\/th>\n<th>Speaker<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><time>7:30-7:40<\/time><\/td>\n<td>Welcome &amp; Logistics<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>7:40\u20138:00<\/time><\/td>\n<td>\n<details>\n<summary class=\"yt-summary-link\">Gaps and priorities for TB Biomarkers and diagnostics<\/summary>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/gOAa4Kk8ciA?start=340&#038;end=1660\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><br \/>\n<\/details>\n<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/globalhealth.washington.edu\/faculty\/paul-drain\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Paul Drain<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>8:00-8:20<\/time><\/td>\n<td>\n<details>\n<summary class=\"yt-summary-link\">Novel biomarkers for incipient\/subclinical TB<\/summary>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/gOAa4Kk8ciA?start=1660&#038;end=3013\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><br \/>\n<\/details>\n<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/globalhealth.washington.edu\/faculty\/javeed-shah\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Javeed Shah<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>8:20-8:40<\/time><\/td>\n<td>\n<details>\n<summary class=\"yt-summary-link\">Non-sputum based diagnostics<\/summary>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/3_Cangelosi-TRTC-Sep-2022.pdf\">Presentation slides<\/a><br \/>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/gOAa4Kk8ciA?start=3013&#038;end=4563\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><br \/>\n<\/details>\n<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/globalhealth.washington.edu\/faculty\/gerard-cangelosi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jerry Cangelosi<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>8:40-9:00<\/time><\/td>\n<td>\n<details>\n<summary class=\"yt-summary-link\">Pediatrics and special populations<\/summary>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/4_2022_Pediatric-TB_RHernandez_UWAdvancedTraining.pptx\">Presentation slides<\/a><br \/>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/gOAa4Kk8ciA?start=4563\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><br \/>\n<\/details>\n<\/td>\n<td>Rafael Hernandez<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>9:00-9:10<\/time><\/td>\n<td><i>Break<\/i><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>9:10-9:30<\/time><\/td>\n<td>\n<details>\n<summary class=\"yt-summary-link\">Diagnostics for pregnant women and PLHIV<\/summary>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/h16XOOSVxEg?start=9&#038;end=1134\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><br \/>\n<\/details>\n<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/globalhealth.washington.edu\/faculty\/grace-john-stewart\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Grace John-Stewart<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>9:30-10:30<\/time><\/td>\n<td>\n<details>\n<summary class=\"yt-summary-link\">Expert Panel Roundtable<\/summary>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/h16XOOSVxEg?start=1134\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><br \/>\n<\/details>\n<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"su-lightbox\" data-mfp-src=\"#David-Boyle\" data-mfp-type=\"inline\" data-mobile=\"yes\"> <a href=\"#\">David Boyle (PATH)<\/a> <\/span>,<br \/>\nSophia Georghiou (FIND)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>10:30-10:55<\/time><\/td>\n<td>Breakout Discussions<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>10:55-11:00<\/time><\/td>\n<td>Report Back &amp; Close<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<tfoot>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\n<details>\n<summary class=\"yt-summary-link\">Recording 1<\/summary>\n<div class=\"su-youtube su-u-responsive-media-yes\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/gOAa4Kk8ciA?\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media; picture-in-picture\" title=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\n<details>\n<summary class=\"yt-summary-link\">Recording 2<\/summary>\n<div class=\"su-youtube su-u-responsive-media-yes\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/h16XOOSVxEg?\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media; picture-in-picture\" title=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\"><!--Chat Transcript--><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tfoot>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"card\">\n<div class=\"card-header\" id=\"accordion-header\">\n<h3 class=\"mb-0\"><button class=\"btn btn-link\" type=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#collapse\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"collapse\"><span class=\"btn-text\">Sept 15 \u2013 Aerobiology, Transmission &amp; Prevention<\/span><span class=\"arrow-box\"><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"collapse\" class=\"collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion\" role=\"region\">\n<div class=\"table-responsive\">\n<table class=\"table table-clear-default table-hover\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Time<\/th>\n<th>Topic<\/th>\n<th>Speaker<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><time>7:30-7:40<\/time><\/td>\n<td>Welcome &amp; Logistics<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>7:40\u20138:00<\/time><\/td>\n<td>\n<details>\n<summary class=\"yt-summary-link\">TB prevention among pregnant women and children<\/summary>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Rmc27A186qI?start=392&#038;end=1850\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><br \/>\n<\/details>\n<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/globalhealth.washington.edu\/faculty\/sylvia-lacourse\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sylvia LaCourse<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>8:00-8:20<\/time><\/td>\n<td>\n<details>\n<summary class=\"yt-summary-link\">Resister populations and Mtb transmission<\/summary>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/2_Simmons_RSTR_populations_TRTC_cours2022.pptx\">Presentation slides<\/a><br \/>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Rmc27A186qI?start=1850&#038;end=3103\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><br \/>\n<\/details>\n<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/aid.uw.edu\/people\/faculty\/infectious-diseases\/jason-simmons\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jason Simmons<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>8:20-8:40<\/time><\/td>\n<td>\n<details>\n<summary class=\"yt-summary-link\">Phylogenetics for TB transmission and control<\/summary>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Rmc27A186qI?start=3103&#038;end=4502\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><br \/>\n<\/details>\n<\/td>\n<td>Josh Herbeck<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>8:40-9:00<\/time><\/td>\n<td>\n<details>\n<summary class=\"yt-summary-link\">Regimens and evidence for TB Prevention<\/summary>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/4_Ross-TRTC-2022-TB-prevention_no-notes.pptx\">Presentation slides<\/a><br \/>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Rmc27A186qI?start=4502\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><br \/>\n<\/details>\n<\/td>\n<td>Jennifer Ross<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>9:00-9:10<\/time><\/td>\n<td><i>Break<\/i><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>9:10-9:30<\/time><\/td>\n<td>\n<details>\n<summary class=\"yt-summary-link\">Aerosol biology and TB transmission<\/summary>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/5_Advanced-TB-course-Aerosol-biology-and-TB-transmission-13sep2022.pptx\">Presentation slides<\/a><br \/>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/U5_6lYN03Q4?start=1&#038;end=1372\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><br \/>\n<\/details>\n<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/globalhealth.washington.edu\/faculty\/david-horne\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">David Horne<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>9:30-10:30<\/time><\/td>\n<td>\n<details>\n<summary class=\"yt-summary-link\">Expert Panel Roundtable<\/summary>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/U5_6lYN03Q4?start=1372\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><br \/>\n<\/details>\n<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"su-lightbox\" data-mfp-src=\"#Amita-Gupta\" data-mfp-type=\"inline\" data-mobile=\"yes\"> <a href=\"#\">Amita Gupta (JHU)<\/a> <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>10:30-10:55<\/time><\/td>\n<td>Breakout Discussions<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>10:55-11:00<\/time><\/td>\n<td>Report Back &amp; Close<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<tfoot>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\n<details>\n<summary class=\"yt-summary-link\">Recording 1<\/summary>\n<div class=\"su-youtube su-u-responsive-media-yes\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Rmc27A186qI?\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media; picture-in-picture\" title=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\n<details>\n<summary class=\"yt-summary-link\">Recording 2<\/summary>\n<div class=\"su-youtube su-u-responsive-media-yes\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/U5_6lYN03Q4?\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media; picture-in-picture\" title=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\"><!--Chat Transcript--><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tfoot>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"card\">\n<div class=\"card-header\" id=\"accordion-header\">\n<h3 class=\"mb-0\"><button class=\"btn btn-link\" type=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#collapse\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"collapse\"><span class=\"btn-text\">Sept 16 \u2013 Disease Modeling, mHealth, Implementation Science, Policy &amp; Advocacy<\/span><span class=\"arrow-box\"><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"collapse\" class=\"collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion\" role=\"region\">\n<div class=\"table-responsive\">\n<table class=\"table table-clear-default table-hover\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Time<\/th>\n<th>Topic<\/th>\n<th>Speaker<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><time>7:30-7:40<\/time><\/td>\n<td>Welcome &amp; Logistics<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>7:40\u20138:00<\/time><\/td>\n<td>\n<details>\n<summary class=\"yt-summary-link\">Disease Modeling for TB<\/summary>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/1_disease_modeling_for_tb_220915_final.pptx\">Presentation slides<\/a><br \/>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/CYdLZv0eJSE?start=482&#038;end=1837\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><br \/>\n<\/details>\n<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.idmod.org\/team\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stewart Chang<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>8:00-8:20<\/time><\/td>\n<td>\n<details>\n<summary class=\"yt-summary-link\">Using mobile health technologies for TB<\/summary>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/2_Using-mobile-health-technologies-for-TB_Iribarren_9.16.22.pptx\">Presentation slides<\/a><br \/>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/CYdLZv0eJSE?start=1837&#038;end=2957\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><br \/>\n<\/details>\n<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/nursing.uw.edu\/person\/sarah-iribarren-phd-rn\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sarah Iribarren<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>8:20-8:40<\/time><\/td>\n<td>\n<details>\n<summary class=\"yt-summary-link\">Implementation Science Models for TB<\/summary>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/3_Advanced-TB-Research-Training-Course.pptx\">Presentation slides<\/a><br \/>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/CYdLZv0eJSE?start=2957&#038;end=4455\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><br \/>\n<\/details>\n<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/globalhealth.washington.edu\/faculty\/bryan-weiner\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bryan Weiner<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>8:40-9:00<\/time><\/td>\n<td>\n<details>\n<summary class=\"yt-summary-link\">Organizing, Funding, and Media for TB advocacy<\/summary>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/4_Organizing-Funding-and-Advocacy-for-TB-Research-and-Access_TRTC-2022.pptx\">Presentation slides<\/a><br \/>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/CYdLZv0eJSE?start=4455\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><br \/>\n<\/details>\n<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.treatmentactiongroup.org\/about-us\/staff\/david-branigan\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">David Branigan<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>9:00-9:10<\/time><\/td>\n<td><i>Break<\/i><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>9:10-9:30<\/time><\/td>\n<td>\n<details>\n<summary class=\"yt-summary-link\">Community Perspective: Surviving Drug-Resistant TB<\/summary>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/832Su8nmXug?start=11&#038;end=1014\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><br \/>\n<\/details>\n<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/RxMom6510\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tina Shah<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>9:30-10:30<\/time><\/td>\n<td>\n<details>\n<summary class=\"yt-summary-link\">Expert Panel Roundtable<\/summary>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/832Su8nmXug?start=1014\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><br \/>\n<\/details>\n<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.treatmentactiongroup.org\/about-us\/staff\/mike-frick\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mike Frick (TAG)<\/a>,<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.treatmentactiongroup.org\/about-us\/staff\/david-branigan\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">David Branigan (TAG)<\/a>,<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/RxMom6510\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tina Shah<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>10:30-10:55<\/time><\/td>\n<td>Breakout Discussions<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><time>10:55-11:00<\/time><\/td>\n<td>Report Back &amp; Close<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<tfoot>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\n<details>\n<summary class=\"yt-summary-link\">Recording 1<\/summary>\n<div class=\"su-youtube su-u-responsive-media-yes\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/CYdLZv0eJSE?\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media; picture-in-picture\" title=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\n<details>\n<summary class=\"yt-summary-link\">Recording 2<\/summary>\n<div class=\"su-youtube su-u-responsive-media-yes\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/832Su8nmXug?\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media; picture-in-picture\" title=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\"><!--Chat Transcript--><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tfoot>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section aria-label=\"widget_custom_html amr_widget\" id=\"custom_html-5\" class=\"widget_text widget widget_custom_html amr_widget\"><span style=\"display: none\">Lightbox content for Expert Panelists<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"textwidget custom-html-widget\"><!--\/\/ Lightbox Content \/\/--><br \/>\n<!--\/\/ Expert panelists \/\/--><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-lightbox-content su-u-trim \" id=\"Adithya-Cattamanchi\" style=\"display:none;width:90%;min-width:none;max-width:600px;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px;padding:30px;background:#FFFFFF;color:#333333;box-shadow:0px 0px 15px #333333;text-align:left\">\n<section aria-label=\"widget_text amr_widget\" id=\"text-8\" class=\"widget widget_text amr_widget\">\n<h2 class=\"widget-title h4\">Adithya Cattamanchi<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"udub-slant-divider gold\"><span><\/span><\/span>\t\t\t<\/p>\n<div class=\"textwidget\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_159\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-159\" style=\"width: 225px\" class=\"figure figure-caption wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-159 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Adithya_Cattamanchi-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of Adithya Cattamanchi\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Adithya_Cattamanchi-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Adithya_Cattamanchi-375x500.jpg 375w, https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Adithya_Cattamanchi.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-159\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Adithya Cattamanchi <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Dr. Cattamanchi is a Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, and co-Director of the Partnerships for Research in Implementation Science for Equity (PRISE) Center at UCSF. He completed his MD, residency training in internal medicine, fellowship training in pulmonary and critical care medicine and a Master\u2019s in Clinical Research with a concentration in Implementation Science at UCSF before joining the faculty. His research focus on two thematic areas: 1) the development and evaluation of novel diagnostic tests for tuberculosis and 2) improving the delivery and uptake of evidence-based care for tuberculosis in high burden countries. He is currently a PI of 5 NIH R01 and 1 U01 grants related to these themes. In addition to research, Dr. Cattamanchi co-directed the UCSF Implementation Science Program (2015-2021), directs the introductory course in the UCSF Implementation Science Certificate Program and co-directs the IMPACT K12 program which supports career development of junior faculty pursuing implementation research related to heart and lung diseases.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/profiles.ucsf.edu\/adithya.cattamanchi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UCSF Profile<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-lightbox-content su-u-trim \" id=\"Amita-Gupta\" style=\"display:none;width:90%;min-width:none;max-width:600px;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px;padding:30px;background:#FFFFFF;color:#333333;box-shadow:0px 0px 15px #333333;text-align:left\">\n<section aria-label=\"widget_text amr_widget\" id=\"text-9\" class=\"widget widget_text amr_widget\">\n<h2 class=\"widget-title h4\">Amita Gupta<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"udub-slant-divider gold\"><span><\/span><\/span>\t\t\t<\/p>\n<div class=\"textwidget\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_160\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-160\" style=\"width: 225px\" class=\"figure figure-caption wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-160\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Amita_Gupta-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of Amita Gupta\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Amita_Gupta-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Amita_Gupta-375x500.jpg 375w, https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Amita_Gupta.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-160\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amita Gupta <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Amita Gupta, MD, MHS, is Faculty Chair of the Johns Hopkins India Institute, Deputy Director of the Johns Hopkins Center for Clinical Global Health Education, and Professor of Medicine and Public Health at Johns Hopkins University.<br \/>\nDr. Gupta has 25+ years of experience in international public health and clinical research and 18 years of working in TB, HIV, and other infectious diseases in India. She is an author of more than 200 peer-reviewed research publications and has mentored more than 35 junior scientists in India and the US.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/main.ccghe.net\/CCG\/about\/faculty\/GuptaBio.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Johns Hopkins Center for Clinical Global Health Education (CCGHE) profile<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-lightbox-content su-u-trim \" id=\"Susan-Dorman\" style=\"display:none;width:90%;min-width:none;max-width:600px;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px;padding:30px;background:#FFFFFF;color:#333333;box-shadow:0px 0px 15px #333333;text-align:left\">\n<section aria-label=\"widget_text amr_widget\" id=\"text-10\" class=\"widget widget_text amr_widget\">\n<h2 class=\"widget-title h4\">Susan Dorman<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"udub-slant-divider gold\"><span><\/span><\/span>\t\t\t<\/p>\n<div class=\"textwidget\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_163\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-163\" style=\"width: 225px\" class=\"figure figure-caption wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-163\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Susan_Dorman-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of Susan Dorman\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Susan_Dorman-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Susan_Dorman-375x500.jpg 375w, https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Susan_Dorman.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-163\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Susan Dorman <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Susan Dorman received her B.S. degree in Biochemistry from Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut, and subsequently received an M.D. degree from Duke University in North Carolina. She completed internship and residency in Internal Medicine at Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston. Dr. Dorman served in the US Public Health Service, and completed a sub-specialty fellowship in Infectious Diseases at the National Institutes of Health. She served on the faculty of Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine from 2001 through 2017, and is currently Professor of Medicine at the Medical University of South Carolina in Charleston, SC. Dr. Dorman and her research team have focused on the development and assessment of new tuberculosis diagnostic tests and treatment strategies. She served as a Principal investigator on a U.S. National Institutes of Health-funded contract, the \u2018Tuberculosis Clinical Diagnostics Research Consortium\u2019, which conducted assessments of novel diagnostic tests for tuberculosis at study sites in China, South Korea, South Africa, Kenya, Uganda, and Brazil. She also serves as Principal Investigator on phase I, II, and III clinical trials of tuberculosis treatment. She served as Medical Director of the Baltimore City TB Clinic from 2003-2011, and currently serves as TB Medical Consultant to the South Carolina Department of Health. Dr. Dorman is a diplomate of the American Board of Internal Medicine, with certifications in Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/education.musc.edu\/MUSCApps\/facultydirectory\/Dorman-Susan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MUSC profile<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-lightbox-content su-u-trim \" id=\"Tom-Scriba\" style=\"display:none;width:90%;min-width:none;max-width:600px;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px;padding:30px;background:#FFFFFF;color:#333333;box-shadow:0px 0px 15px #333333;text-align:left\">\n<section aria-label=\"widget_text amr_widget\" id=\"text-11\" class=\"widget widget_text amr_widget\">\n<h2 class=\"widget-title h4\">Tom Scriba<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"udub-slant-divider gold\"><span><\/span><\/span>\t\t\t<\/p>\n<div class=\"textwidget\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_165\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-165\" style=\"width: 225px\" class=\"figure figure-caption wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-165\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Tom_Scriba-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of Tom Scriba\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Tom_Scriba-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Tom_Scriba-375x500.jpg 375w, https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Tom_Scriba.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-165\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tom Scriba <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Professor Tom Scriba (PhD) is Deputy Director, Immunology at the South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), University of Cape Town, where he directs the clinical immunology laboratory. He trained in biological sciences at Stellenbosch University in South Africa and obtained a DPhil (PhD) in T cell Immunology at Oxford University, UK. He returned to South Africa in 2006 to complete a postdoctoral fellowship in paediatric and clinical immunology in TB and vaccinology at the Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town. Dr Scriba\u2019s research focuses on TB vaccine development, immunopathogenesis of M. tuberculosis infection as well as development of biomarkers of key transition points between the clinical stages of M. tuberculosis infection and disease. Dr Scriba\u2019s research is funded by competitive grants from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, European Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership, South African Medical Research Foundation, US National Institutes of Health and the European Union.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.idm.uct.ac.za\/Thomas_Scriba\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Cape Town IDM profile<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-lightbox-content su-u-trim \" id=\"Peter-Small\" style=\"display:none;width:90%;min-width:none;max-width:600px;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px;padding:30px;background:#FFFFFF;color:#333333;box-shadow:0px 0px 15px #333333;text-align:left\">\n<section aria-label=\"widget_text amr_widget\" id=\"text-12\" class=\"widget widget_text amr_widget\">\n<h2 class=\"widget-title h4\">Peter Small<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"udub-slant-divider gold\"><span><\/span><\/span>\t\t\t<\/p>\n<div class=\"textwidget\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_161\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-161\" style=\"width: 225px\" class=\"figure figure-caption wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-161\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Peter_Small-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of Peter Small\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Peter_Small-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Peter_Small-375x500.jpg 375w, https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Peter_Small.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-161\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Peter Small <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Dr. Peter Small is currently independently pursuing his vision to make cough quantifiable and diagnostic. In the distant past he was a medical resident and chief medical resident at UCSF during the dawn of the HIV epidemic. He then moved to Stanford where he completed an Infectious Disease fellowship and spent about a decade on the faculty of Stanford\u2019s Infectious Disease Division. During these years, he published pioneering molecular epidemiological papers that helped to shape the public health response to the resurgence of tuberculosis and seminal papers on mycobacterial genomics. In 2002 he was one of the early employees of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation where he developed their tuberculosis strategy, built the foundation\u2019s core partnerships and country programs, hired and manage the Foundation\u2019s TB team and oversaw a large portfolio of vaccine, drug and diagnostic product development activities. In 2011, he relocated to India where he established the foundation\u2019s tuberculosis program in India. In 2015 he joined Stony Brook University as the Founding Director of the University-wide Global Health Institute focused on the use of technology to delivery health care in remote Madagascar and Nepal. He continues to oversee grants and mentor students on tuberculosis research, especially in innovative ways of delivering care such as drone observed therapy. More recently he was a Rockefeller Foundation Fellow exploring a number of efforts culminating in ways to improve medication adherence and Director of Global Health Technologies at Global Health Labs (formerly Global Good) in Bellevue.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/globalhealth.washington.edu\/faculty\/peter-small\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UW Dept. of Global Health profile<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-lightbox-content su-u-trim \" id=\"Tim-Sterling\" style=\"display:none;width:90%;min-width:none;max-width:600px;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px;padding:30px;background:#FFFFFF;color:#333333;box-shadow:0px 0px 15px #333333;text-align:left\">\n<section aria-label=\"widget_text amr_widget\" id=\"text-13\" class=\"widget widget_text amr_widget\">\n<h2 class=\"widget-title h4\">Tim Sterling<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"udub-slant-divider gold\"><span><\/span><\/span>\t\t\t<\/p>\n<div class=\"textwidget\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_164\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-164\" style=\"width: 225px\" class=\"figure figure-caption wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-164\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Tim_Sterling-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of Tim Sterling\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Tim_Sterling-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Tim_Sterling-375x500.jpg 375w, https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Tim_Sterling.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-164\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tim Sterling <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Dr. Sterling received his medical degree from the Columbia University College of Physicians &amp; Surgeons, residency training in internal medicine at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, and fellowship training in infectious diseases at Johns Hopkins Hospital. He joined the Johns Hopkins faculty in 1998, and moved to Vanderbilt in 2003. He is the Director of the Vanderbilt Tuberculosis Center and Director of Epidemiology Research in the Division of Infectious Diseases. Dr. Sterling\u2019s research interests are focused on the epidemiology and treatment of tuberculosis and HIV. Particular areas of interest include treatment of latent tuberculosis infection, drug resistance in M. tuberculosis (including multi-drug resistance and fluoroquinolone resistance), and HIV-related tuberculosis. He also has an interest in the immunogenetic predisposition to tuberculosis, particularly extrapulmonary disease. Dr. Sterling has ongoing research collaborations in Brazil, South Africa, Peru, and the United States.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vumc.org\/tb-center\/welcome\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">VUMC Tuberculosis Center<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-lightbox-content su-u-trim \" id=\"Robin-Wood\" style=\"display:none;width:90%;min-width:none;max-width:600px;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px;padding:30px;background:#FFFFFF;color:#333333;box-shadow:0px 0px 15px #333333;text-align:left\">\n<section aria-label=\"widget_text amr_widget\" id=\"text-14\" class=\"widget widget_text amr_widget\">\n<h2 class=\"widget-title h4\">Robin Wood<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"udub-slant-divider gold\"><span><\/span><\/span>\t\t\t<\/p>\n<div class=\"textwidget\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_162\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-162\" style=\"width: 225px\" class=\"figure figure-caption wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-162\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Robin_Wood-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of Robin Wood\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Robin_Wood-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Robin_Wood-375x500.jpg 375w, https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Robin_Wood.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-162\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Robin Wood <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Robin Wood is Emeritus Professor of Medicine at the University of Cape Town and director of the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre at the Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine. He was educated at King Edward VI School in Birmingham, UK and gained a bachelor degree in biophysics at London University and medical training at Balliol College, Oxford University. His specialist medical training was completed at the University of Cape Town followed by an Infectious Disease Fellowship at Stanford University, California and was awarded a degree of Doctor of Science at the University of Cape Town. He was a pioneer in the introduction of treatment and clinical care of people living with HIV and AIDS in South Africa and was strongly aligned with civil society activists fighting for access to antiretroviral therapy in South Africa. His earlier research was in the interactions between HIV infection and tuberculosis and my current research focuses on tuberculosis transmission and disease control. He lead a multidisciplinary team investigating the aerobiology of tuberculosis transmission in the highly endemic communities of Cape Town.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/desmondtutuhealthfoundation.org.za\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Desmond Tutu Health Foundation<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-lightbox-content su-u-trim \" id=\"Ann-Ginsberg\" style=\"display:none;width:90%;min-width:none;max-width:600px;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px;padding:30px;background:#FFFFFF;color:#333333;box-shadow:0px 0px 15px #333333;text-align:left\">\n<section aria-label=\"widget_text amr_widget\" id=\"text-16\" class=\"widget widget_text amr_widget\">\n<h2 class=\"widget-title h4\">Ann Ginsberg<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"udub-slant-divider gold\"><span><\/span><\/span>\t\t\t<\/p>\n<div class=\"textwidget\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_211\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-211\" style=\"width: 225px\" class=\"figure figure-caption wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-211 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Ann_Ginsberg-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"Ann Ginsberg\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Ann_Ginsberg-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Ann_Ginsberg-375x500.jpg 375w, https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Ann_Ginsberg.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-211\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ann Ginsberg <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Ann M. Ginsberg, M.D., Ph.D., is Deputy Director, TB Vaccines in the Global Health Division of the Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation. Dr. Ginsberg has conducted and led TB research and product development programs for 25 years, including 15 years leading and designing clinical strategy for development of TB vaccines and drug regimens of high priority for the developing world. She previously served as the Chief, Respiratory Diseases Branch, NIAID, NIH, as Director, Project Management at Merck Research Laboratories, as Chief Medical Officer at the Global Alliance for TB Drug Development, as Chief Medical Officer at Aeras and as Senior Technical Advisor at IAVI. In these roles, she oversaw in addition to numerous early stage drug and vaccine candidates, the early clinical development program of Pretomanid\u00ae and two recent, groundbreaking TB vaccine efficacy trials &#8211; of BCG revaccination and M72\/AS01E. Dr. Ginsberg has served on numerous national and international advisory committees on vaccines and global health, including the U.S. National Vaccine Advisory Committee. Her undergraduate degree is from Harvard University, her Ph.D. in Molecular Biology from Washington University and her M.D. from Columbia University. She was Board-certified in Anatomic Pathology.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-lightbox-content su-u-trim \" id=\"Willem-Hanekom\" style=\"display:none;width:90%;min-width:none;max-width:600px;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px;padding:30px;background:#FFFFFF;color:#333333;box-shadow:0px 0px 15px #333333;text-align:left\">\n<section aria-label=\"widget_text amr_widget\" id=\"text-17\" class=\"widget widget_text amr_widget\">\n<h2 class=\"widget-title h4\">Willem Hanekom<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"udub-slant-divider gold\"><span><\/span><\/span>\t\t\t<\/p>\n<div class=\"textwidget\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_214\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-214\" style=\"width: 225px\" class=\"figure figure-caption wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-214 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Willem_Hanekom-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"Willem Hanekom\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Willem_Hanekom-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Willem_Hanekom-375x500.jpg 375w, https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Willem_Hanekom.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-214\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Willem Hanekom <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Willem Hanekom is director of the Africa Health Research Institute in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. He has previously led the South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI) at the University of Cape Town and the TB vaccine program at the Bill &#038; Melinda Gates Foundation.<\/p>\n<p>Professor Willem Hanekom is a clinician-scientist who trained in medicine and paediatrics in South Africa and in paediatric infectious disease and research immunology in the USA. He is a renowned TB vaccine expert, having directed the South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative before leading the TB vaccine group at the Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation. Here he developed and implemented the Foundation\u2019s first comprehensive TB vaccine strategy, which resulted in major breakthroughs in TB vaccine discovery and development. Willem has &gt;200 publications and has been awarded competitive funding by most prominent agencies. He is the previous chair of both the South African Immunology Society and the Federation of African Immunology Societies and is a member of multiple international advisory committees in tuberculosis, vaccinology and translational immunology.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ahri.org\/structure-governance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AHRI<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-lightbox-content su-u-trim \" id=\"Robyn-Waite\" style=\"display:none;width:90%;min-width:none;max-width:600px;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px;padding:30px;background:#FFFFFF;color:#333333;box-shadow:0px 0px 15px #333333;text-align:left\">\n<section aria-label=\"widget_text amr_widget\" id=\"text-18\" class=\"widget widget_text amr_widget\">\n<h2 class=\"widget-title h4\">Robyn Waite<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"udub-slant-divider gold\"><span><\/span><\/span>\t\t\t<\/p>\n<div class=\"textwidget\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_218\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-218\" style=\"width: 225px\" class=\"figure figure-caption wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-218 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Robyn_Waite-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"Robyn Waite\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Robyn_Waite-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Robyn_Waite-375x500.jpg 375w, https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Robyn_Waite.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-218\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Robyn Waite <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/WaiteRobyn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Robyn Waite<\/a> is the Director of Policy and Advocacy at <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/ResultsCda\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Results Canada<\/a> \u2013 a not-for-profit organization on a mission to generate the political will to end extreme poverty. She is also the secretariat of the <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/StopTBCanada\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stop TB Canada Network<\/a>, where she is working tirelessly alongside partners to reinvigorate and mobilize a community of Canadians committed to ending tuberculosis (TB) at home and abroad. Robyn holds a PhD in International Development Studies from SOAS the University of London, an MSc in Global Health from McMaster University, a Graduate Diplomate from the United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, and a BSc (First Class Honours) in Health Promotion from Dalhousie University. She is skilled, passionate, and well-practiced at bringing people together to take meaningful, high impact action in support of creating a fairer and healthier world for all. She is particularly proud of the role she played recently in supporting a civil society led <a href=\"https:\/\/spark.adobe.com\/page\/xJ7pygvhrIAqW\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">global survey initiative<\/a>, which sought to understand and raise awareness of how COVID-19 is impacting the TB epidemic.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/dr-robyn-christine-waite-phd-2ab25971\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LinkedIn<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-lightbox-content su-u-trim \" id=\"Rhea-Lobo\" style=\"display:none;width:90%;min-width:none;max-width:600px;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px;padding:30px;background:#FFFFFF;color:#333333;box-shadow:0px 0px 15px #333333;text-align:left\">\n<section aria-label=\"widget_text amr_widget\" id=\"text-19\" class=\"widget widget_text amr_widget\">\n<h2 class=\"widget-title h4\">Rhea Lobo<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"udub-slant-divider gold\"><span><\/span><\/span>\t\t\t<\/p>\n<div class=\"textwidget\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_224\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-224\" style=\"width: 225px\" class=\"figure figure-caption wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-224\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Rhea_Lobo-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"Rhea Lobo\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Rhea_Lobo-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Rhea_Lobo-375x500.jpg 375w, https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Rhea_Lobo.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-224\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rhea Lobo <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Rhea Lobo is an international award-winning filmmaker with a background in health journalism and is also an extra-pulmonary TB survivor. She is a strong TB advocate and co-founder of Bolo Didi (Translation: Say Sister), an informal network of women TB survivors in India that help people affected by TB navigate health systems, promote treatment adherence and counselling. She has extensive experience in working for both Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases in organizations such as Dalberg Media, The Union and TBpeople. She is of Indian origin and currently resides in Copenhagen, Denmark.<\/p>\n<p>Rhea has made a number of films on health and women empowerment, with a special interest in TB. Her film on Human Rights and TB, <em>Rights and Wrongs\u2026 A Tribute to Dean Lewis<\/em>, received critical acclaim from Dr Tedros Adhanom, Director General of the World Health Organization. Rhea is also a member of the Stop TB Working Group on New Vaccines and is part of the taskforce that is developing Stop TB Partnership\u2019s <em>Global Plan to End TB by 2030.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-lightbox-content su-u-trim \" id=\"David-Boyle\" style=\"display:none;width:90%;min-width:none;max-width:600px;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px;padding:30px;background:#FFFFFF;color:#333333;box-shadow:0px 0px 15px #333333;text-align:left\">\n<section aria-label=\"widget_text amr_widget\" id=\"text-20\" class=\"widget widget_text amr_widget\">\n<h2 class=\"widget-title h4\">David Boyle<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"udub-slant-divider gold\"><span><\/span><\/span>\t\t\t<\/p>\n<div class=\"textwidget\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_228\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-228\" style=\"width: 225px\" class=\"figure figure-caption wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-228\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/David_Boyle-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"David Boyle\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/David_Boyle-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/David_Boyle-375x500.jpg 375w, https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/David_Boyle.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-228\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Boyle <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>I am the Chief Scientific Officer and co-leader of the Diagnostics Program at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.path.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PATH<\/a>, a global nonprofit improving public health. I investigate the challenges of infectious diseases and nutrition with a specific focus to identify and develop effective diagnostic tools for use in low resource settings. My primary interests are in improving the diagnosis and management of COVID-19, HIV and TB infections and in providing better population surveillance systems to inform on transmission of vaccine preventable diseases such as pneumococcal pneumonia, polio virus, typhoid and now SARS-CoV-2.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/deohs.washington.edu\/faculty\/david-s-boyle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UW Dept. of Environmental &amp; Occupational Health Sciences profile<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<p><!--\/\/ Chats \/\/--><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-lightbox-content su-u-trim \" id=\"chat-0913\" style=\"display:none;width:auto;min-width:none;max-width:600px;margin-top:40px;margin-bottom:40px;padding:40px;background:#FFFFFF;color:#333333;box-shadow:0px 0px 15px #333333;text-align:left\">\n<section aria-label=\"widget_text amr_widget\" id=\"text-23\" class=\"widget widget_text amr_widget\">\n<h2 class=\"widget-title h4\">Chat discussion, Monday September 13<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"udub-slant-divider gold\"><span><\/span><\/span>\t\t\t<\/p>\n<div class=\"textwidget\">\n<p>07:31:24 From Sindhulina : good evening from Bangalore, India<br \/>\n07:31:27 From Juliana Pinhata : Good morning from Brazil!!<br \/>\n07:31:32 From Simon Mendelsohn : Hi from Cape Town!<br \/>\n07:31:35 From Courtney Heffernan : good morning from Edmonton, Canada<br \/>\n07:31:37 From Juan Montenegro : Good morning from Peru<br \/>\n07:31:37 From matovu &#8212; : matovu sande from Uganda<br \/>\n07:31:39 From Luc\u00eda Loy : good morning! from Guatemala!<br \/>\n07:31:45 From Qader Ghulam : Greetings. Ghulam Qader from Afghanistan<br \/>\n07:31:54 From Pauline Amuge : Good morning team. Pauline from Uganda<br \/>\n07:31:57 From Marina Vetrova : Hello from Russia<br \/>\n07:31:57 From Ffion Carlin : Hello from the UK<br \/>\n07:31:57 From Mmamapudi Kubjane : Hello from South Africa!<br \/>\n07:31:58 From simon walusimbi : Good evening everyone from Arua, Uganda<br \/>\n07:31:59 From Daniel Waiswa : Hi everyone Daniel Waiswa from Uganda<br \/>\n07:31:59 From IVAN IBANDA : Greetings from Ivan Ibanda Ug<br \/>\n07:32:41 From Joel.S. kabugo : greetings from Joel kabugo Uganda<br \/>\n07:32:41 From Benedicto Mugabi : Good evening to you all. This is Benedicto Mugabi from Baylor College of Medicine Children&#8217;s Foundation Uganda<br \/>\n07:32:50 From Delfina Ensinck : Hello !<br \/>\n07:32:51 From NELLIE MUKIRI : Nellie Mukiri from Kenya<br \/>\n07:32:59 From Isabelle Munyangaju : hello from Mozambique<br \/>\n07:33:24 From Renee Codsi : Hello from Seattle<br \/>\n07:33:27 From sylvester mbaluka : Sylvester Mbaluka from kenya<br \/>\n07:33:32 From Jefferson Mecha : Jerphason Mecha from Kenya<br \/>\n07:33:37 From Miiro Emmanuel : Greetings from Miiro Emmanuel, a medical student from Uganda at Mbarara University of Science and Technology.<br \/>\n07:33:38 From William Kasozi : William Kasozi from Uganda Karamoja USAID TB program<br \/>\n07:33:51 From Ricardo Alfaro : Greetings to all. I am Ricardo from Peru<br \/>\n07:33:52 From Stavia Turyahabwe : Hello. Stavia Turyahabwe Uganda<br \/>\n07:35:43 From Mandar Paradkar : Hi, Mandar Paradkar from India<br \/>\n07:36:50 From Blessed Shiko : Hello everyone, Elizabeth Mwangi from Kenya<br \/>\n07:36:55 From Emmanuel Biryabarema : Good evening from Uganda \ud83c\udde9\ud83c\uddea<br \/>\n07:37:32 From Abdou Fofana : Hi everyone, Abdou from Boston University<br \/>\n07:37:48 From Kevin Urdahl : Welcome Blessed, Emmanuel, Abdou, and all!!<br \/>\n07:43:15 From kusiima roland : Hi everyone. Roland from Makerere university school of public health Uganda<br \/>\n07:54:47 From Paul K. Drain : Please feel free to write your questions in the Chat box.<br \/>\n07:56:54 From Jerry Cangelosi : Does host-directive therapy have promise against NTM disease, which is difficult to treat with antimicrobials?<br \/>\n07:57:03 From Jerry Cangelosi : host-directed&#8230;.<br \/>\n07:58:16 From Abdou Fofana : To what extent do we understand genetic susceptibility to TB (mutation in IFN gamma). What is the contribution of genetic susceptibility to TB spread compared to other factors like Socio-economic status (environmental factors<br \/>\n07:58:36 From Miiro Emmanuel : Could addition of doxycycline to the standard short 6 months anti-TB regimen reduce the duration of treatment further?<br \/>\n07:58:47 From David J. Horne : Great talk tom. My understanding with the IFN gamma\/il12 mendeilan disorders is that susceptibility to Mtb is not increased. Why the difference from NTM and BCG?<br \/>\n07:59:04 From Sindhulina : Are these responses similar for Pulmonary and EP TB ?<br \/>\n07:59:40 From Jack Karugah : will HDTs be generalised for all patients\/patient groups or shall it be imdividualised?<br \/>\n07:59:50 From Rafaella Osores Urday : How did they choose to test doxycicline? Are other antimicrobials probably helpful?<br \/>\n08:11:02 From Benedicto Mugabi : WHERE ARE THE SLIDES CHETAN IS EXPLAINING?<br \/>\n08:11:24 From Tom Scriba : I can see them<br \/>\n08:11:58 From florence mwangwa : I can see them too<br \/>\n08:14:52 From Chen zi : Would like to hear some comments about the WHO PPCs in guiding novel TB vaccine development especially how NTP should perceive these documents<br \/>\n08:17:54 From Thomas R. Hawn : Please enter any questions that you have in the chatbox or raise your hand when Chetan is done<br \/>\n08:19:05 From Lomonyang Victor : BCG could protect child mortality, does this include deaths related to viruses as well?<br \/>\n08:20:00 From Chris Joss to Ksenia P Koon(Direct Message) : When you have a chance can you resend me the agenda slide? I think you said I was supposed to share that on the break and I can\u2019t find it in my emails..thanks<br \/>\n08:20:13 From Debbie Cross : The gd T-cell finding is really interesting! Do gds expand in adults vaccinated with BCG? Or is this a unique feature of immune responses to BCG in children?<br \/>\n08:20:27 From Abdou Fofana : Is the main problem with BCG that we are giving it to the \u201cwrong people\u201d (Kids, not the biggest infectors).<br \/>\n08:22:00 From Judy Machuka : Does BCG confer sustained innate immunity or would it need to be boosted? Is mTB infection dependent on geographic location?<br \/>\n08:22:29 From Benedicto Mugabi : Where across the world is intravenous BCG administration a policy? and how much does it cost?<br \/>\n08:22:38 From matovu &#8212; : Is there a possibility of using interferon Gamma as a therapy against Mtb?<br \/>\n08:25:57 From Debbie Cross : At what age roughly does BCG protection against extra pulmonary TB start to wane?<br \/>\n08:28:01 From Chetan Seshadri : @Lomonyang &#8211; Thanks for the question. Yes &#8211; BCG protects against respiratory viruses at a minimum. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32798142\/<br \/>\n08:29:10 From Chetan Seshadri : @Debbie &#8211; Thanks for the question. In our hands, GD T cells do not seem to expand in the periphery in adults. However, their clonotypic diversity does seem to change (unpublished). Unclear what is happening in the lungs.<br \/>\n08:30:33 From Stavia Turyahabwe : Scientific community has been working hard for 100 years and still no break through with the TB vaccine. What hopes do we have now in this area?<br \/>\n08:31:47 From Chetan Seshadri : @Judy &#8211; Excellent question. The duration of BCG\u2019s effect on \u2018training\u2019 is unclear, but probably not more than 1 year as demonstrated in the 2021 Cell study. mTB infection does not appear to depend on geography, unlike BCG benefit in adults. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/7795103\/<br \/>\n08:33:09 From Paul K. Drain : @Stavia &#8211; Andrew will review the current status of vaccine trials as the last presentation of today. Several promising candidates. Stay tuned!<br \/>\n08:33:12 From Judy Machuka : Thanks<br \/>\n08:34:06 From Chetan Seshadri : @Benedicto &#8211; Thanks for the question. Right now, there is no plan to give IV BCG to humans. But the experience in malaria is promising. https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/71\/4\/1063\/5573993<br \/>\n08:35:23 From Chetan Seshadri : @matovu &#8211; Thanks for the question. Yes &#8211; recombinant IFNG is the treatment for children afflicted with the Mendelian disorders. It is not provided as a therapy to adults without one of these disorders.<br \/>\n08:36:01 From nassozi rashidah : Thanx for session I would like to know if you vacinate an infant .BCG and an induration doesn&#8217;t appear are we supposed to inject again thanx<br \/>\n08:36:38 From Chetan Seshadri : @Stavia &#8211; Agree that our track record with TB vaccines have not been great. There are many reasons for this, which I hope we will discuss later today. However, because of some of the advances I discussed, I am optimistic.<br \/>\n08:38:38 From Thomas R. Hawn : Questions for Kevin are welcome in the chatbox or raise your hand. thanks.<br \/>\n08:39:26 From Chetan Seshadri : @Nassozi &#8211; Thanks for the question. I believe it is not currently recommended to re-vaccinate based on absence of a scar. However, it has been shown that the resulting immune response is different in babies without a scar. https:\/\/bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12916-016-0617-3<br \/>\n08:40:27 From Robert Rousseau : Hi Chetan, from what I have seen. Lung homogenates from mice that have had I\/V BCG will have BCG colonies even 3-5 post adminstration. How does I\/V BCG not result in septicemia?<br \/>\n08:42:29 From Chetan Seshadri : @Robert &#8211; Thanks for the question. The BCG absolutely disseminated systemically, including the lungs. However, they don\u2019t experience any clinical detriment (septicemia) as documented in the 2020 Nature paper.<br \/>\n08:44:35 From Kevin Urdahl : Happy to take any question via chat. I will also participate in later breakout rooms. Or just send me an email kevin.urdahl@seattlechildrens.org<br \/>\n08:45:13 From Chetan Seshadri : Thanks @Kevin! Yes &#8211; please also feel free to email me with questions. seshadri@uw.edu<br \/>\n08:49:33 From Judy Machuka : What is the window perod for acute TB infection that would leverage protective immune mechanisms?<br \/>\n09:00:17 From Chetan Seshadri : @Judy &#8211; Thanks for the question. Two recent studies show that \u2018latent TB\u2019 can protected against active TB. In one, NHP infected with one strain were protected against another strain. In another, mice that were stably infected behind the ear were protected against pulmonary challenge. (1\/3)<br \/>\n09:00:23 From Chetan Seshadri : https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30312351\/ (2\/3)<br \/>\n09:01:02 From Judy Machuka : Thanks<br \/>\n09:01:21 From Chetan Seshadri : https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32673357\/ (3\/3)<br \/>\n09:01:47 From Lucia Carratal\u00e0 : Would this mean a potential TB susceptibility of epigenetic origin during embryological development?<br \/>\n09:03:50 From Stephanie A-Sombke : Is there currently work on TB therapies that are specific for Mtb that reside in interstitial macrophages?<br \/>\n09:13:28 From Chris Joss : To join a breakout..click on \u201cBreakout Rooms\u201d on the Zoom toolbar. Then when the Breakouts window appears, look for a Blue linked number. Hover your mouse over the number and it will change to the word \u201cJoin\u201d. Click that and you will go to the breakout<br \/>\n09:17:16 From Chris Joss : If you are having issues joining a breakout room, it may be that you need to update your Zoom desktop client to the most recent version. Zoom client versions 5.3.0 and higher allow participants to self-select breakout rooms. To update the client, with the Zoom desktop application open, do the following:<br \/>\nClick the initials\/profile photo (upper right) and select Check for Updates.<br \/>\nFollow the prompts to update and install the latest version.<br \/>\n09:17:44 From Rafaella Osores Urday : Has or may the COVID-19 epidemic change forever transmission mechanisms and target populations?<br \/>\n09:20:34 From Benedicto Mugabi : It is quiet on my side. Is there any presentation or discussion thats going on some where ?<br \/>\n09:20:59 From TONNY KYAGAMBIDDWA : yes<br \/>\n09:21:20 From Isabelle Munyangaju : hi Benedicto, there is a presentation. i think you have a unstable connection.<br \/>\n09:22:07 From Simon Mendelsohn : Shingles\/VZV<br \/>\n09:22:27 From Lubega Jason : Varicella Zoster<br \/>\n09:27:08 From Simon Mendelsohn : Does TB preventive therapy (TPT) guidelines complicate trial design (particularly in HIV+ participants or trials in IGRA+)? What if future country guidelines (e.g. South Africa) recommend TPT in IGRA+?<br \/>\n09:27:33 From Pranay Sinha : Are we evaluating any mRNA vaccines for TB?<br \/>\n09:35:50 From Chetan Seshadri : @Pranay &#8211; Thanks for the question. Yes &#8211; BioNTech has a pipeline for mRNA vaccine for TB and HIV. Not sure about Moderna and other companies.<br \/>\n09:45:19 From Chetan Seshadri : @Willem &#8211; Stakeholder involvement is key. Was there really an effort to engage stakeholders for COVID? Or was it self-evident?<br \/>\n09:48:03 From Stavia Turyahabwe : I agree with the time from infection to disease for TB Vs COVID as a limitation to TB vaccine development. Acute Vs Chonic and scare brought about by the diseases in the population for prompting investment to TB as has been seen in COVID<br \/>\n09:50:14 From Isabelle Munyangaju : @Willem&#8230;to your comment i would also add serious political commitment to having a TB vaccine. For Covid&#8230;every world leader pushed for a vaccine and this pressured or facilitated collaborations across the board&#8230;at all levels.<br \/>\n09:51:37 From Teniola Lawanson UniOfEdinburgh : What&#8217;s the update on the development of TB vaccines delivered intranasally?<br \/>\n09:53:20 From Stephanie A-Sombke : Are there any other biomarkers in the inflammatory cytokine pathway that can be used? TGFB?<br \/>\n09:53:30 From Teniola Lawanson UniOfEdinburgh : Well said Isabelle. The commitment to funding for TB research, esp novel vaccines is sparse compared to other high burden diseases<br \/>\n10:03:11 From Pauline Amuge-Baylor Uganda : Sorry, we can&#8217;t hear Prof Tom<br \/>\n10:03:32 From Simon Mendelsohn : Loud and clear<br \/>\n10:03:36 From Tah Rene Mih : Yes prof<br \/>\n10:05:28 From Pauline Amuge-Baylor Uganda : Ok. Thanks<br \/>\n10:12:08 From Derrick Semugenze : Is it possible to study the immunity of TB resistors to gain more incite into TB vaccine antigen selection?<br \/>\n10:12:24 From Debbie Cross : Thank you all for your insights! Are there any thoughts on whether the correlates of protection against recurrence vs infection vs disease are likely to be different? Appreciate that&#8217;s a difficult question given the limitations that have already been discussed.<br \/>\n10:13:01 From DANIEL OKUTU : Are there testing kits for testing TB like the ones for HIV ?<br \/>\n10:14:35 From Paul K. Drain : @Daniel &#8211; we\u2019ll be getting into TB Biomarkers &amp;. Diagnostics on Wednesday &#8211; stay tuned!<br \/>\n10:15:05 From DANIEL OKUTU : noted thank you<br \/>\n10:15:33 From Chetan Seshadri : @Derrick &#8211; Thanks for the question. Yes &#8211; there are several studies ongoing with natural models of protection (resisters, non-progressors, etc). With 4000 antigens to choose from, it\u2019s a big task.<br \/>\n10:18:48 From Judy Machuka : Kindly highlight the side effects of efficacious TB vaccines and how these could be mitigated. Thank you.<br \/>\n10:20:24 From Tah Rene Mih : How is TB reoccurrance currently prevented vaccine wise?<br \/>\n10:24:46 From Courtney Heffernan : I agree that a vaccine with efficacy &lt;50% could still provide major pop health benefit &#8211; where do you put the lower limit<br \/>\n10:25:30 From Kevin Urdahl : Agree, completely Tom. The TB community is much more collaborative now and that is HUGE.<br \/>\n10:31:11 From Isabel Chin : Thank you!<br \/>\n10:31:16 From Tah Rene Mih : Thank you Prof. Tom<br \/>\n10:31:27 From Courtney Heffernan : thank you<br \/>\n10:32:12 From Daniel Waiswa : many thanks to the speakers<br \/>\n10:33:17 From DANIEL OKUTU : thank you<br \/>\n10:33:31 From Renee Codsi : I don\u2019t see a spot to join the breakout room<br \/>\n10:33:46 From Tah Rene Mih : I also<br \/>\n10:33:46 From Kevin Urdahl : I haven\u2019t gotten a breakout room invite yet either.<br \/>\n10:33:48 From Teniola Lawanson UniOfEdinburgh : Breakout room not coming up<br \/>\n10:33:52 From \u00c1lvaro D\u00edaz : thank you for all speakers<br \/>\n10:35:03 From Mphatso Phiri : Thanks to the presenters for the insights<br \/>\n10:51:46 From sylvester mbaluka : of course due to lockdown s ,financial constraints many patients have not be able to access medication<br \/>\n10:56:34 From Gabriella Jackson : thank you!<br \/>\n10:59:52 From Robert Rousseau : Thanks to the speakers, organisers and team for todays discussion \ud83d\ude42<br \/>\n11:00:07 From Lomonyang Victor : thanks<br \/>\n11:00:08 From Isabel Chin : Thank you!<br \/>\n11:00:08 From IVAN IBANDA : Great time too<br \/>\n11:00:08 From Sarah Jbara : Thank you very much<br \/>\n11:00:11 From Teniola Lawanson UniOfEdinburgh : Thank you!!!<br \/>\n11:00:12 From Courtney Heffernan : thanks to all &#8211; wonderful day<br \/>\n11:00:12 From Judy Machuka : Thank you<br \/>\n11:00:12 From Tah Rene Mih : Thanks so much<br \/>\n11:00:13 From Kim Foster : Thank you!<br \/>\n11:00:15 From Yvette Rodriguez : Thank you!<br \/>\n11:00:19 From Haron Gichuhi : Thank you. Bye<br \/>\n11:00:20 From Luc\u00eda Loy : thanks<br \/>\n11:00:21 From Carla Achiro : thank you<br \/>\n11:00:24 From Angel Lisa Nakimuli : thank u<br \/>\n11:00:26 From bmugabi@baylor-uganda.org : thank you<br \/>\n11:00:28 From Gabriella Jackson : Thank you!<br \/>\n11:00:28 From \u00c1lvaro D\u00edaz : thank you, bye<br \/>\n11:00:30 From Teniola Lawanson UniOfEdinburgh : See you all tomorrow!<br \/>\n11:00:39 From Qader Ghulam : Thank you and bye<br \/>\n11:00:46 From MAGNOLIA LUQUE DURAN : Thank you , bye<br \/>\n11:01:12 From DANIEL OKUTU : thank you good bye<br \/>\n11:01:25 From Irene Ndagire : thanks and bye<br \/>\n11:01:25 From Elizabeth Aoko : Thank you and bye<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-lightbox-content su-u-trim \" id=\"chat-0914\" style=\"display:none;width:auto;min-width:none;max-width:600px;margin-top:40px;margin-bottom:40px;padding:40px;background:#FFFFFF;color:#333333;box-shadow:0px 0px 15px #333333;text-align:left\">\n<section aria-label=\"widget_text amr_widget\" id=\"text-21\" class=\"widget widget_text amr_widget\">\n<h2 class=\"widget-title h4\">Chat discussion, Tuesday September 14<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"udub-slant-divider gold\"><span><\/span><\/span>\t\t\t<\/p>\n<div class=\"textwidget\">\n<p><strong>Advanced TB Research Training Course<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Sept 14\u2014Tuesday<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Chat Discussion<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>From Isabel Chin to Everyone:\u00a0 07:30 AM<\/p>\n<p>Good morning!<\/p>\n<p>From Daniel Waiswa to Everyone:\u00a0 07:30 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hi everyone<\/p>\n<p>From Derrick Semugenze to Everyone:\u00a0 07:31 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hello everyone<\/p>\n<p>From Delfina Ensinck to Everyone:\u00a0 07:31 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hi!!<\/p>\n<p>From Isabelle Munyangaju to Everyone:\u00a0 07:32 AM<\/p>\n<p>yes yesterday was very productive.<\/p>\n<p>From Rafaella Osores Urday to Everyone:\u00a0 07:33 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hello! From Peru<\/p>\n<p>From Isabelle Munyangaju to Everyone:\u00a0 07:33 AM<\/p>\n<p>Isabelle Munyangaju from Mozambique<\/p>\n<p>From L\u00eddia Cunha to Everyone:\u00a0 07:33 AM<\/p>\n<p>hello from Mozambique<\/p>\n<p>From Emma Mudrock to Everyone:\u00a0 07:33 AM<\/p>\n<p>hello from Seattle, WA<\/p>\n<p>From Luc\u00eda Loy to Everyone:\u00a0 07:33 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hello! from Guatemala!<\/p>\n<p>From Joey Hernandez to Everyone:\u00a0 07:33 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hello from Manila, Philippines (10:30pm here)<\/p>\n<p>From Qader Ghulam to Everyone:\u00a0 07:33 AM<\/p>\n<p>Greetings from Afghanistan<\/p>\n<p>From Akemi Matsuno to Everyone:\u00a0 07:33 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hello from Peru!<\/p>\n<p>From Facundo Colaccini to Everyone:\u00a0 07:33 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hello! from Rosario, Argentina<\/p>\n<p>From Courtney Heffernan to Everyone:\u00a0 07:33 AM<\/p>\n<p>good morning from Treaty 6 territory, homeland of Metis in Alberta Canada<\/p>\n<p>From Brian Otaalo to Everyone:\u00a0 07:33 AM<\/p>\n<p>Good evening from Uganda<\/p>\n<p>From Lubega Jason to Everyone:\u00a0 07:33 AM<\/p>\n<p>Helllo from Uganda<\/p>\n<p>From STEPHANIE ANOVER-SOMBKE to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>good morning from Seattle WA USA<\/p>\n<p>From Sun\u00e9 Liebetrau to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hello, from KZN, South Africa<\/p>\n<p>From Dra Laura Lagrutta to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Laura Lagrutta from Argentina<\/p>\n<p>From danny.scarponi@lshtm.ac.uk to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hello from London<\/p>\n<p>From Sindhulina to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hello from India(8 pm here)<\/p>\n<p>From Cinthya Ruiz-Tagle to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hello everyone, I am Cinthya from Chile !<\/p>\n<p>From Mphatso Phiri to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>MphATSI<\/p>\n<p>From Delfina Ensinck to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hello from Argentina!<\/p>\n<p>From Ocung Guido to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hello from Kampala, Uganda\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddec<\/p>\n<p>From Tah Rene Mih to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Greetings from Cameroon \ud83c\udde8\ud83c\uddf2<\/p>\n<p>From Daniel Waiswa to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Daniel Waiswa from Makerere University Kampala Uganda<\/p>\n<p>From Juliana Pinhata to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Good morning from Brazil<\/p>\n<p>From Geoffrey Kabaale to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Greetings from Lira, Uganda<\/p>\n<p>From Teniola Lawanson UniOfEdinburgh to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hello! Good afternoon (3:33pm) from Lagos Nigeria<\/p>\n<p>From Andrew Ndawula to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Ndawula Andrew, Uganda<\/p>\n<p>From Josephine Victo Namugga to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>hheyyy hello from uganda<\/p>\n<p>From Nancy Ngumbau to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Good evening from Kenya<\/p>\n<p>From Gustavo Grandez to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hello from Peru<\/p>\n<p>From Wieda Human to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hi from South Africa!<\/p>\n<p>From Jenna Daniel to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Good morning from Atlanta!<\/p>\n<p>From Jefferson Mecha to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>good evening, Jerphason Mecha from Kenya<\/p>\n<p>From Katherine Ann Lochner to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Good morning from Seattle, WA!<\/p>\n<p>From Gabriella Jackson to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Good evening from South Africa!:)<\/p>\n<p>From Kristin Harrington to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hello from Atlanta!<\/p>\n<p>From NELLIE MUKIRI to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hello, from Kenya<\/p>\n<p>From Nsubuga Gideon to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hello from Uganda<\/p>\n<p>From Ffion Carlin to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hello from Liverpool<\/p>\n<p>From Sarah Jbara to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hello from Costa Rica<\/p>\n<p>From L\u00eddia Cunha to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Mozambique<\/p>\n<p>From Derrick Semugenze to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hello from Makerere University, Uganda<\/p>\n<p>From \u00c1lvaro D\u00edaz to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Good morning, from Chile<\/p>\n<p>From Judith Jajaycucho to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hello from Peru<\/p>\n<p>From Luke Kneeshaw to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Another Seattleite<\/p>\n<p>From Mphatso Phiri to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Mphatso, from Malawi. Greetings<\/p>\n<p>From Samuel Okello to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Okello Uganda good evening it&#8217;s 5:30 here in Uganda<\/p>\n<p>From MAGNOLIA LUQUE DURAN to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hello from Per\u00fa<\/p>\n<p>From Charlotte Barungi to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>hello everyone. Charlotte from Uganda<\/p>\n<p>From Irene Ndagire to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>south sudan<\/p>\n<p>From matovu &#8212; to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>hello, greetings from Uganda Makerere University<\/p>\n<p>From Samuel Okello to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>good evening<\/p>\n<p>From Ian Amanya to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hello from Uganda!<\/p>\n<p>From Judy Machuka to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Judy Machuka from Kenya<\/p>\n<p>From Ngonie Dube to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Dr Dube, Baylor Children&#8217;s Foundation, Swaziland\ud83c\uddf8\ud83c\uddff<\/p>\n<p>From Ruth Nabisere to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Kampala Uganda<\/p>\n<p>From Nguyen Kim Cuong to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>hello from Vietnam \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n<p>From nassozi rashidah to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Rashidah Uganda Kampala<\/p>\n<p>From Carla Achiro to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>hello from Uganda at Makerere University<\/p>\n<p>From Fainet Metrine to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Am from Kenya<\/p>\n<p>From IVAN IBANDA to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hello to everyone here, Ivan Ibanda from Uganda<\/p>\n<p>From Loren Rockman to Everyone:\u00a0 07:35 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hello everyone. Loren Rockman from Stellenbosch University, South Africa<\/p>\n<p>From Zuweina Kondo to Everyone:\u00a0 07:35 AM<\/p>\n<p>hello I am from Tanzania currently in the US<\/p>\n<p>From Martial Sonkoue Pianta to Everyone:\u00a0 07:36 AM<\/p>\n<p>Cameroon<\/p>\n<p>From Joel.S. kabugo to Everyone:\u00a0 07:36 AM<\/p>\n<p>kabugo Uganda<\/p>\n<p>From John Enzama to Everyone:\u00a0 07:39 AM<\/p>\n<p>hello everyone. John Uganda .<\/p>\n<p>From Harriet Namyalo to Everyone:\u00a0 07:42 AM<\/p>\n<p>Harriet Namyalo from Uganda.Mujhu.greetings<\/p>\n<p>From Christine M. Mbuvi to Everyone:\u00a0 07:43 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hello, Christine Mbuvi &#8211; Kenya<\/p>\n<p>From elisa lopez varela to Everyone:\u00a0 07:44 AM<\/p>\n<p>Elisa Lopez- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain<\/p>\n<p>From sanjobo sanjobo to Everyone:\u00a0 07:44 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hello, Sanjobo -Namibia<\/p>\n<p>From Miiro Emmanuel to Everyone:\u00a0 07:44 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hello, Miiro Emmanuel, Uganda.<\/p>\n<p>From Collins Wamunye to Everyone:\u00a0 07:46 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hello, Collins Wamunye- Kenya<\/p>\n<p>From Rose Mary to Everyone:\u00a0 07:46 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hi everyone. Rose Mary Namwanje Mujhu site nurse<\/p>\n<p>From Luz Quevedo to Everyone:\u00a0 07:47 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hi everyone. Luz Quevedo, Peru<\/p>\n<p>From Ednah Okwaro to Everyone:\u00a0 07:47 AM<\/p>\n<p>Greetings everyone, Ednah Okwaro &#8211; Kenya.<\/p>\n<p>From Chen zi to Everyone:\u00a0 07:47 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hi everyone. Chen from Beijing China<\/p>\n<p>From Blessed Shiko to Everyone:\u00a0 07:48 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hello everyone\u00a0 .. Elizabeth Mwangi from Kenya<\/p>\n<p>From Anibal, to Everyone:\u00a0 07:49 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hi everyone.. ANIBAL VILCA &#8211; CITBM . PERU<\/p>\n<p>From Paul K. Drain to Everyone:\u00a0 07:56 AM<\/p>\n<p>Thanks for indicating your location.\u00a0 Great to see so many countries being represented.<\/p>\n<p>From tamara leiva to Everyone:\u00a0 07:57 AM<\/p>\n<p>From Chile here, Tamara Leiva<\/p>\n<p>From bmugabi@baylor-uganda.org to Everyone:\u00a0 07:57 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hello Everyone. Benedicto Mugabi from Uganda<\/p>\n<p>From Pauline Amuge to Everyone:\u00a0 07:58 AM<\/p>\n<p>Pauline Amuge. Baylor-Uganda<\/p>\n<p>From Nadia Sitoe to Everyone:\u00a0 07:58 AM<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e1dia Sitoe, Mozambique<\/p>\n<p>From Binta Sarr-Kuyateh to Everyone:\u00a0 07:59 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hi everyone, Binta Sarr-Kuyateh from The Gambia<\/p>\n<p>From Asia Mustafah to Everyone:\u00a0 07:59 AM<\/p>\n<p>Greetings<\/p>\n<p>Asia Mustafah from Uganda<\/p>\n<p>From Paul K. Drain to Everyone:\u00a0 08:00 AM<\/p>\n<p>Please write any questions in the chat box.<\/p>\n<p>From Mbulaka Remmy to Everyone:\u00a0 08:00 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hello<\/p>\n<p>Mbulaka Remmy Allan from Uganda<\/p>\n<p>From Abdou Fofana to Everyone:\u00a0 08:05 AM<\/p>\n<p>Can bacterial load be considered as an indicator of TB disease progression? How to explain the dynamics of cyclic progressors<\/p>\n<p>From Robert Rousseau to Everyone:\u00a0 08:05 AM<\/p>\n<p>Are many mtb genes regulated by the same promoter or operon?<\/p>\n<p>From Michael Kakinda to Everyone:\u00a0 08:06 AM<\/p>\n<p>How can we identify sub-clinical disease?<\/p>\n<p>From Teniola Lawanson to Everyone:\u00a0 08:06 AM<\/p>\n<p>Is the ESAT-6 a good antigenic target for vaccine development for TB?<\/p>\n<p>From Abdou Fofana to Everyone:\u00a0 08:06 AM<\/p>\n<p>To what extent do we understand the mechanisms by which other Mycobacteria have loss ESX-1 expression? (Adaptive evolution?)<\/p>\n<p>From Derrick Semugenze to Everyone:\u00a0 08:06 AM<\/p>\n<p>Thanks Dr. Sherman. Would you please throw more light on incipient tuberculosis?<\/p>\n<p>From Paul K. Drain to Everyone:\u00a0 08:06 AM<\/p>\n<p>David &#8211; great talk!\u00a0 Is ESX-1 a good target for new drug development &#8211; either for treatment or prevention?<\/p>\n<p>From Cinthya Ruiz-Tagle to Everyone:\u00a0 08:07 AM<\/p>\n<p>Would it be possible to somehow destabilize the granuloma in order to antibiotics gain access to eliminate Mtb?<\/p>\n<p>From \u00c1lvaro D\u00edaz to Everyone:\u00a0 08:07 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hi, what would be the diagnostic (clinical or bacteriological) for subclinical TB?<\/p>\n<p>From Fainet Metrine to Everyone:\u00a0 08:07 AM<\/p>\n<p>How can one differentiate between primary TB and Covid19 from an X-ray since both have almost similar symptoms<\/p>\n<p>From David Sherman to Everyone:\u00a0 08:08 AM<\/p>\n<p>Can bacterial load be considered as an indicator of TB disease progression? How to explain the dynamics of cyclic progressors<\/p>\n<p>From Ernest Aben to Everyone:\u00a0 08:08 AM<\/p>\n<p>Is the TB spectrum the same in pediatrics or are the dynamics different. If so where and how?. Thank you!<\/p>\n<p>From David Sherman to Everyone:\u00a0 08:11 AM<\/p>\n<p>Excellent question.\u00a0 The best answer is &#8216;probably&#8217;.\u00a0 People are working on markers of bacterial load; these may be very important in studying sub-clinical disease AND improving trials.<\/p>\n<p>How can we ID subclinical disease?\u00a0 biomarkers (that need to be developed) models (that need to be developed). New imaging modalities (that are starting to be applied to TB).<\/p>\n<p>From Kasendwa Martin to Everyone:\u00a0 08:12 AM<\/p>\n<p>When does an HIV positive person who received the first complete course of TB preventive therapy become eligible for another course?<\/p>\n<p>Any recent evidence on this?<\/p>\n<p>From David Sherman to Everyone:\u00a0 08:22 AM<\/p>\n<p>Is the ESAT-6 a good antigenic target for vaccine development for TB?\u00a0 Vaccines &#8212; not my field.\u00a0 But I think probably not.\u00a0 Esat-6 is secreted &#8212; not always attached to the bacteria.<\/p>\n<p>Are many mtb genes regulated by the same promoter or operon?<\/p>\n<p>Are many mtb genes regulated by the same promoter or operon?<\/p>\n<p>Yes! (sorry for the multiple entires)<\/p>\n<p>David &#8211; great talk!\u00a0 Is ESX-1 a good target for new drug development &#8211; either for treatment or prevention?\u00a0 Interfering with Esx-1WOULD stop TB pathogenesis.\u00a0 But I fear that by the time people know they are infected, ESX-1 will have already done it&#8217;s important work.\u00a0 There MAY however, be other roles for Esx-1 later in infection, in which case interfering w\/ it would still be useful.<\/p>\n<p>Destabilize the granuloma to improve drug access? Access is a big issue for some drugs, not for others.\u00a0 But keep in mind that granulomas are an important host defense mechanism.\u00a0 In HIV+ people, granulomas break down or fail to form &#8212; and that does not work out well for the patient.<\/p>\n<p>From Paul K. Drain to Everyone:\u00a0 08:26 AM<\/p>\n<p>Lots of great questions!\u00a0 There will be more opportunities to ask these questions, and perhaps we can get into some discussion during the expert panel.<\/p>\n<p>From David Sherman to Everyone:\u00a0 08:29 AM<\/p>\n<p>Sub-clinical TB is an important area of current research. There are likely both host and bacterial markers &#8212; transcriptional, protein, etc. The course is very likely different in pediatric TB, and also likely affected profoundly by different co-morbidities.<\/p>\n<p>From Paul K. Drain to Everyone:\u00a0 08:49 AM<\/p>\n<p>Abdou and others &#8211; If you want to join the break room room &#8211; click on Break Room at bottom of Zoom, then you\u2019ll see a pop-up window.\u00a0 From there Find the name of the presenter and over their name, you should be able to click \u201cJoin\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>From Ngonie Dube to Everyone:\u00a0 08:50 AM<\/p>\n<p>Can INH monotherapy in the setting of TB preventative be implicated in fueling rise in DRTB?<\/p>\n<p>From Ngonie Dube to Everyone:\u00a0 08:51 AM<\/p>\n<p>*TB preventative therapy<\/p>\n<p>From matovu &#8212; to Everyone:\u00a0 08:52 AM<\/p>\n<p>To the current speaker, how does mutation lead to drug resistance?<\/p>\n<p>From Nadia Sitoe to Everyone:\u00a0 08:53 AM<\/p>\n<p>Is a specific TB DR related to the MTB strain?<\/p>\n<p>From Shuyi Ma to Everyone:\u00a0 08:55 AM<\/p>\n<p>@Abdou, if you have another question, please feel free to ask me, or to email your question.<\/p>\n<p>From Lomonyang Victor to Everyone:\u00a0 08:56 AM<\/p>\n<p>Why could acquisition of FQ resistance be high in shorter regimen (9Mo)?<\/p>\n<p>From Abdou Fofana to Everyone:\u00a0 08:57 AM<\/p>\n<p>@Shuyi, Thanks. You said MTB Waxy cell wall makes drug development challenging (correct me if I\u2019m wrong). Please can you elaborate on that.<\/p>\n<p>From Tanya Parish (Faculty) (She\/Her) to Everyone:\u00a0 08:59 AM<\/p>\n<p>@Abdou &#8211; it is challenging because many molecules do not get into the bacterial cell, but also because optimising molecules for anti-Tb activity often makes compounds more hydrophobic and this is the opposite of what is need for drug-like properties.<\/p>\n<p>From Shuyi Ma to Everyone:\u00a0 09:00 AM<\/p>\n<p>Thanks, Tanya :). On the flip side, it\u2019s an attractive target because it\u2019s so different from what humans have, so if you can get something to target successfully, it will more likely be species-selective<\/p>\n<p>From Courtney Heffernan to Everyone:\u00a0 09:00 AM<\/p>\n<p>wonderful talk! thank you<\/p>\n<p>From Abdou Fofana to Everyone:\u00a0 09:01 AM<\/p>\n<p>@Tanya and @ Shuyi, Thanks. Can I ask same question for slow TB bacterial growth?<\/p>\n<p>From Tanya Parish (Faculty) (She\/Her) to Everyone:\u00a0 09:02 AM<\/p>\n<p>The slow growth rate is a practical problem &#8211; experiments take a long time. Also it might be related to why it takes so long to kill the organism. We don\u2019t know if kill rate is linked to growth rate.<\/p>\n<p>From Shuyi Ma to Everyone:\u00a0 09:02 AM<\/p>\n<p>Plus, targeting slow bacterial growth is challenging because many of the processes that conventionally have worked for other bacteria don\u2019t work well for Mtb<\/p>\n<p>From Shuyi Ma to Everyone:\u00a0 09:03 AM<\/p>\n<p>So we need new screening\/search strategies that would be effective for Mtb in these slow\/no growing states<\/p>\n<p>From Abdou Fofana to Everyone:\u00a0 09:04 AM<\/p>\n<p>Great! Thanks to @Tanya and @Shuyi.<\/p>\n<p>From Shuyi Ma to Everyone:\u00a0 09:04 AM<\/p>\n<p>On the flip side, I think that there have been recent findings by Tanya and others that there are drugs that can target slow growing and non-growing Mtb<\/p>\n<p>From Shuyi Ma to Everyone:\u00a0 09:04 AM<\/p>\n<p>And these agents potentially offer greater selectivity<\/p>\n<p>Since they target more Mtb-specific adaptations<\/p>\n<p>From DANIEL OKUTU to Everyone:\u00a0 09:05 AM<\/p>\n<p>how does the anti TB drugs affect the liver if one has not adhered to the medication<\/p>\n<p>From Abdou Fofana to Everyone:\u00a0 09:05 AM<\/p>\n<p>Slow growth is an adaptation? How variable is this feature within MTB?<\/p>\n<p>From Shuyi Ma to Everyone:\u00a0 09:06 AM<\/p>\n<p>Growth rate appears to vary quite significantly between different Mtb clinical strains<\/p>\n<p>From different lineages<\/p>\n<p>From Abdou Fofana to Everyone:\u00a0 09:06 AM<\/p>\n<p>Is it associated with any fitness benefit?<\/p>\n<p>From Shuyi Ma to Everyone:\u00a0 09:06 AM<\/p>\n<p>And the growth heterogeneity within a population also varies between Mtb strains<\/p>\n<p>From Shuyi Ma to Everyone:\u00a0 09:07 AM<\/p>\n<p>I think the association between growth and fitness is something that is still being investigated<\/p>\n<p>By David, Tanya, myself, and others<\/p>\n<p>From Abdou Fofana to Everyone:\u00a0 09:08 AM<\/p>\n<p>This is exciting evolutionary question! Thanks @Shuyi<\/p>\n<p>From Courtney Heffernan to Everyone:\u00a0 09:09 AM<\/p>\n<p>just wondering since so many questions are being answered in the chat, if a log can be sent after the course of the discussion to review along with the recordings?<\/p>\n<p>From Teniola Lawanson to Everyone:\u00a0 09:09 AM<\/p>\n<p>Seconded @Courtney<\/p>\n<p>From Shuyi Ma to Everyone:\u00a0 09:10 AM<\/p>\n<p>That should be doable, I think<\/p>\n<p>From Ednah Okwaro to Everyone:\u00a0 09:10 AM<\/p>\n<p>That would be great! thank you.<\/p>\n<p>From Me to Everyone:\u00a0 09:10 AM<\/p>\n<p>Thanks Courtney. I&#8217;ll work with Chris to see if we can get a chat transcript uploaded to the course website (same place as presentations will be uploaded next week).<\/p>\n<p>From David Sherman to Everyone:\u00a0 09:10 AM<\/p>\n<p>we&#8217;ll check with our technical wizards<\/p>\n<p>From Courtney Heffernan to Everyone:\u00a0 09:14 AM<\/p>\n<p>thank you! \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n<p>From STEPHANIE ANOVER-SOMBKE to Everyone:\u00a0 09:38 AM<\/p>\n<p>@Dr. Shapiro, are there on-treatment biomarkers in current trials that do show positive\/negative effects of the different therapies as they are dosed\/ administered?<\/p>\n<p>From Stavia Turyahabwe to Everyone:\u00a0 09:44 AM<\/p>\n<p>The 4 months regimen uses drugs that are commonly used for other conditions. what challenges are likely to face the TB fight with wide use of such drugs for TB management?<\/p>\n<p>From elisa lopez varela to Everyone:\u00a0 09:44 AM<\/p>\n<p>Regarding treatment duration, how much of the problem do you think has to do with drugs not reaching the site of disease? Low penetration at the locations and suboptimal concentrations<\/p>\n<p>From Robert Rousseau to Everyone:\u00a0 09:51 AM<\/p>\n<p>Could the panel comment on anti-tb therapy being delivered by other means. For example is there a future for inhalent drug delivery?<\/p>\n<p>From matovu Sande to Everyone:\u00a0 09:55 AM<\/p>\n<p>speaking of personalizing therapies for mtb patients, is there evidence of racial susceptibility to TB?<\/p>\n<p>From Paul K. Drain to Everyone:\u00a0 09:56 AM<\/p>\n<p>Any questions for our panelists &#8211; please either type in chat box or raise your hand.<\/p>\n<p>From Chetan Seshadri to Everyone:\u00a0 09:56 AM<\/p>\n<p>RE: BPaL.\u00a0 What is the real-life experience with Linezolid at the high dose?\u00a0 If so few patients can tolerate it, is it really that important for the success of the regimen?<\/p>\n<p>From sanjobo sanjobo to Everyone:\u00a0 10:01 AM<\/p>\n<p>What was the substitute for linezolid in patients who developed severe bone marrow toxicity on BPaL?<\/p>\n<p>From Judy Machuka to Everyone:\u00a0 10:12 AM<\/p>\n<p>Considerng personalizing TB treatment, what investigations would be necessary to confirm treatment success and preclude bacterial rebound or potential for disease progression to MDR TB?<\/p>\n<p>From elisa lopez varela to Everyone:\u00a0 10:13 AM<\/p>\n<p>Willl we eventually move towards treatment where we can monitor the response and adapt duration based on some sort of biomarker that can tell us how bug\/host is responding?<\/p>\n<p>From bmugabi@baylor-uganda.org to Everyone:\u00a0 10:20 AM<\/p>\n<p>Given that TB is a contagious Disease and almost everywhere,Is there a way of having all countries across the world contribute to a common pool a certain percentage of money to support robust approaches and large trials and not be limited or processes slowed down because of lack of funding?<\/p>\n<p>From Paul K. Drain to Everyone:\u00a0 10:21 AM<\/p>\n<p>Thanks for the plug on Biomarkers and Diagnostics &#8211; we\u2019ll spend all of tomorrow on this topic.\u00a0 There should be several great presentations and discussions!<\/p>\n<p>From elisa lopez varela to Everyone:\u00a0 10:22 AM<\/p>\n<p>Any thoughts on how we can reduce the gap between policy-practice in some of the high income countries so that we can really see some of this innovative regimens, diagnostics applied in short timeline?<\/p>\n<p>From Judy Machuka to Everyone:\u00a0 10:23 AM<\/p>\n<p>Thanks for the insight on diagnostics to monitor treatment progress<\/p>\n<p>From Paul K. Drain to Everyone:\u00a0 10:25 AM<\/p>\n<p>Thanks to all the panelists!\u00a0 Thank you David for moderating.\u00a0 Great discussions!<\/p>\n<p>From elisa lopez varela to Everyone:\u00a0 10:26 AM<\/p>\n<p>Excellent session! Thanks so much<\/p>\n<p>From Paul K. Drain to Everyone:\u00a0 10:28 AM<\/p>\n<p>Guidance for Breakout Rooms &#8211; please enter your room and turn on your video and unmute.\u00a0 Please go around the room to introduce yourself, share your country\/location, and how you are involved with TB research or practice.\u00a0 Then, please share your experience with the discussions about these new TB regimens in your country and location.<\/p>\n<p>From Andrea Nansereko to Everyone:\u00a0 10:28 AM<\/p>\n<p>Thank you for this amazing session<\/p>\n<p>10:34:37 From\u00a0 Andrea Nansereko\u00a0 to\u00a0 Everyone:<\/p>\n<p>Glad to be here. I am Andrea Nansereko, Biomedical laboratory technology student at Makerere University. I volunteer at Mulago hospital in Uganda.<\/p>\n<p>10:56:24 From\u00a0 Robert Rousseau\u00a0 to\u00a0 Everyone:<\/p>\n<p>Thanks for your comments Team<\/p>\n<p>10:56:55 From\u00a0 Shuyi Ma\u00a0 to\u00a0 Everyone:<\/p>\n<p>Thanks for the interesting discussions!<\/p>\n<p>10:57:11 From\u00a0 Benedicto Mugabi, Baylor College of Medicine, Uganda\u00a0 to\u00a0 Everyone:<\/p>\n<p>Do you think COVID 19 regulations will have sustained impact on the incidence of TB?<\/p>\n<p>10:57:22 From\u00a0 Ednah Okwaro\u00a0 to\u00a0 Everyone:<\/p>\n<p>is there an extra forum for interaction like whatsapp for the class?<\/p>\n<p>10:57:28 From\u00a0 Zuweina Kondo\u00a0 to\u00a0 Everyone:<\/p>\n<p>I think random is good , as you get to meet different people- hopefully<\/p>\n<p>10:57:45 From\u00a0 Andrea Nansereko\u00a0 to\u00a0 Everyone:<\/p>\n<p>Could we have a whatsapp group for all students for this course for further discussions?<\/p>\n<p>10:57:47 From\u00a0 Ednah Okwaro\u00a0 to\u00a0 Everyone:<\/p>\n<p>Random is good.<\/p>\n<p>10:58:55 From\u00a0 Fanny Rosas\u00a0 to\u00a0 Everyone:<\/p>\n<p>Totally agree|<\/p>\n<p>10:59:09 From\u00a0 Kasigula Nicholas\u00a0 to\u00a0 Everyone:<\/p>\n<p>I agree<\/p>\n<p>10:59:29 From\u00a0 Kasigula Nicholas\u00a0 to\u00a0 Everyone:<\/p>\n<p>a what&#8217;s app group would be good<\/p>\n<p>10:59:51 From\u00a0 martha nakaye\u00a0 to\u00a0 Everyone:<\/p>\n<p>Thank you too<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-lightbox-content su-u-trim \" id=\"chat-0915\" style=\"display:none;width:auto;min-width:none;max-width:600px;margin-top:40px;margin-bottom:40px;padding:40px;background:#FFFFFF;color:#333333;box-shadow:0px 0px 15px #333333;text-align:left\">\n<section aria-label=\"widget_text amr_widget\" id=\"text-22\" class=\"widget widget_text amr_widget\">\n<h2 class=\"widget-title h4\">Chat discussion, Wednesday September 15<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"udub-slant-divider gold\"><span><\/span><\/span>\t\t\t<\/p>\n<div class=\"textwidget\">\n<p>07:31:34 From IVAN IBANDA to Everyone:<br \/>\nHi everyone, Ivan Ibanda from Uganda<br \/>\n07:31:48 From Isabel Chin to Everyone:<br \/>\nGood morning!<br \/>\n07:33:38 From Robert Kyomuhendo to Everyone:<br \/>\nhello, glad to be here.<br \/>\nI&#8217;m Robert Kyomuhendo, medical student at Gulu University, Uganda<br \/>\n07:34:04 From Valerie Webola to Everyone:<br \/>\nHello,<br \/>\n07:34:31 From Renee Codsi to Everyone:<br \/>\nGood morning from overcast Seattle WA, USA<br \/>\n07:34:33 From Valerie Webola to Everyone:<br \/>\nI&#8217;m Valerie Webola , from Kenya.<br \/>\n07:34:52 From Sarah Jbara to Everyone:<br \/>\nGood morning, from Costa Rica, very sunny \ud83d\ude42 celebrating 200 years of independce today<br \/>\n07:35:13 From Renee Codsi to Everyone:<br \/>\n@Sarah; Pura Vida!<br \/>\n07:35:15 From Wieda Human to Everyone:<br \/>\nHallo from a lovely Spring day in South Africa.<br \/>\n07:35:20 From Veronica Medrano to Everyone:<br \/>\nHelio,<br \/>\nVeronica from Bolivia<br \/>\n07:35:35 From Edson Mambuque to Everyone:<br \/>\nGood afternoon, from Mozambique, Manhi\u00e7a Edson<br \/>\n07:35:36 From Ngonie Dube to Everyone:<br \/>\nHello Ngoni Dube here, warm and sunny in Swaziland\ud83c\uddf8\ud83c\uddff<br \/>\n07:35:43 From Rafaella Osores Urday to Everyone:<br \/>\nHello! From Lima, Peru<br \/>\n07:35:44 From Jenna Daniel to Everyone:<br \/>\nGood morning from Atlanta! Rainy and humid here, per usual!<br \/>\n07:35:50 From Carla Achiro to Everyone:<br \/>\nGreetings! Carla from Makerere University school of Public Health, Kampala Uganda<br \/>\n07:35:51 From Joey Hernandez to Everyone:<br \/>\nGood evening from Manila, Philippines! 10:30 pm here, very warm and humid.<br \/>\n07:35:59 From Isabelle Munyangaju to Everyone:<br \/>\nhello. Isabelle \ud83c\uddf2\ud83c\uddff Mozambique<br \/>\n07:36:31 From martha nakaye to Everyone:<br \/>\nHello, Martha Nakaye here from the Pearl of Africa, Uganda. Its a sunny evening here.<br \/>\n07:36:34 From Ray Mwin Mat. to Everyone:<br \/>\nHello everyone, joining from Namibia, very hot here!<br \/>\n07:36:34 From Dra Laura Lagrutta to Everyone:<br \/>\nHello I\u00b4m Laura Lagrutta from Argentina<br \/>\n07:36:34 From Kate Shearer to Everyone:<br \/>\nGood afternoon from a beautiful day in Johannesburg, South Africa<br \/>\n07:36:35 From florence mwangwa to Everyone:<br \/>\nGood evening , am Florence From IDRC- Uganda, its a beautiful evening.<br \/>\n07:36:56 From Delfina Ensinck to Everyone:<br \/>\nHi! I\u00b4m Delfina from Argentina<br \/>\n07:37:01 From Georgetta K. Daffeh to Everyone:<br \/>\nGood afternoon, I am Georgetta from MRC@lshtm in Gambia. Sunny and warm day here<br \/>\n07:37:21 From Mbulaka Remmy to Everyone:<br \/>\nGood evening<br \/>\nMbulaka Remmy Allan<br \/>\nFrom Uganda<br \/>\n07:37:44 From mukwatamundu jobterry to Everyone:<br \/>\nHello, Job from IDRC-Uganda. A sunny evening here<br \/>\n07:38:19 From Daniel Waiswa to Everyone:<br \/>\nHullo everyone, Daniel Waiswa from Makerere University Kampala, Uganda<br \/>\n07:38:48 From L\u00eddia Cunha to Everyone:<br \/>\nhello from Mozambique<br \/>\n07:39:07 From Lomonyang Victor to Everyone:<br \/>\nhello everyone, Victor Lomonyang Uganda<br \/>\n07:39:16 From Qader Ghulam to Everyone:<br \/>\nGreetings from Afghanistan<br \/>\n07:39:50 From STEPHANIE ANOVER-SOMBKE to Everyone:<br \/>\nGood Morning from Seattle, WA USA<br \/>\n07:46:47 From Qader Ghulam to Everyone:<br \/>\nIs the distribution of DS and DR TB based on the reported cases or based on real Prevalence?<br \/>\n07:47:28 From Harriet Namyalo to Everyone:<br \/>\nGood evening everyone . Harriet Namyalo.MUJHU uganda<br \/>\n07:56:25 From Luz Quevedo Cruz to Everyone:<br \/>\nLuz Quevedo Cruz, Peru<br \/>\n08:02:09 From Debbie Cross to Everyone:<br \/>\nSorry I missed that, is the cell-free DNA assay identifying subclinical disease? Thank you for the presentation!<br \/>\n08:04:55 From Abdou Fofana to Everyone:<br \/>\n@Paul, on top of the heterogeneity in disease progression we can have bidirectional progression. Example someone can be active and become subclinical a couple of weeks later. Do we know how often that happen? And is this a challenge for diagnostic\/Biomarker development? And how are people in the space approaching this issue.<br \/>\n08:06:53 From Sindhulina Chandrasingh to Everyone:<br \/>\n@Paul You had shown a slide where there is a higher MDR \/DR TB in areas different from areas with higher incidence. Is that because of better detection ? or is there some other reason ?<br \/>\n08:08:18 From Rose Mary to Everyone:<br \/>\nHi everyone. Rosemary Namwanje Mujhu site Uganda.<br \/>\n08:09:08 From NELLIE MUKIRI to Everyone:<br \/>\nHello, greetings from Kenya<br \/>\n08:09:19 From benedicto Mugabi, Baylor Uganda to Everyone:<br \/>\nHello everyone, Benedicto Mugabi from Uganda<br \/>\n08:09:44 From Paul K. Drain to Everyone:<br \/>\nThanks everyone for the greetings. Seems like many places are warm and sunny &#8211; very nice! Some are staying up late at night &#8211; thank you for joining us (hard to find a good timeframe that works for everyone).<br \/>\n08:09:44 From ELIZABETH MWANGI to Everyone:<br \/>\nHello<br \/>\n08:09:48 From Emmanuel Biryabarema to Everyone:<br \/>\nHi everyone. It&#8217;s Emmanuel Biryabarema from Makerere University, Uganda<br \/>\n08:09:52 From nassozi rashidah to Everyone:<br \/>\nHello Rashidah Nassozi from Uganda mujhu<br \/>\n08:10:13 From ELIZABETH MWANGI to Everyone:<br \/>\nHello Elizabeth Mwangi from Kenya<br \/>\n08:11:30 From Paul K. Drain to Everyone:<br \/>\n@Qader &#8211; most of the global data reported by the WHO have relied on passive reporting from each country. Some countries are engaging more in active surveillance for better prevalence\/incidence data.<br \/>\n08:12:58 From Paul K. Drain to Everyone:<br \/>\n@Debbie &#8211; the results for urine cell-free DNA was conducted on symptomatic patients. The next step is to confirm the results and then test the idea on Asymptomatics with sub-clinical TB.<br \/>\n08:13:06 From elisa lopez varela to Everyone:<br \/>\nElisa Lopez- Spain<br \/>\n08:13:50 From Zuweina Kondo to Everyone:<br \/>\nHi ! Zuweina- Tanzania<br \/>\n08:16:13 From Charlotte Barungi to Everyone:<br \/>\nHello, am Charlotte Barungi from Uganda<br \/>\n08:16:37 From Paul K. Drain to Everyone:<br \/>\n@Abdou &#8211; Yes, disease progress is very heterogeneous &#8211; we recognize that some people will revert from active to sub-clinical TB, and we tried to represent that in the figure with the \u2018cyclic\u2019 (or waxing\/waning) line. We have very little data on this group of people, but we should seek more understanding.<br \/>\n08:18:58 From Paul K. Drain to Everyone:<br \/>\n@Samuel &#8211; yes, there are many risk factors for \u201csub-clinical\u201d TB and how long someone will stay in that phase &#8211; includes HIV\/CD4, DM, exposures, and host immune function.<br \/>\n08:19:35 From Stephanie Minnies to Everyone:<br \/>\nCould these signatures be used to predict those who will develop extrapulmonary TB vs pulmonary TB?<br \/>\n08:19:41 From Paul K. Drain to Everyone:<br \/>\nIf you have questions for Dr. Shah &#8211; Please type in Chat Box or Raise Hand.<br \/>\n08:20:35 From Maryam Amour to Everyone:<br \/>\nHi everyone! Maryam Amour from Tanzania<br \/>\n08:21:03 From Dennis Mujuni to Everyone:<br \/>\nAre there signatures to differentiate DR and DS TB among Latent TB Infections?<br \/>\n08:21:06 From STEPHANIE ANOVER-SOMBKE to Everyone:<br \/>\nCan the gene signature be adapted for a POC based test?<br \/>\n08:22:10 From Dra Laura Lagrutta to Everyone:<br \/>\nAre there any biomarkers signatures that may have an affordable cost?<br \/>\n08:22:14 From Mugerwa Moses to Everyone:<br \/>\nis there any reason why TB LAM test has been approved for use specifically in people living with HIV ?<br \/>\n08:22:18 From Sarah Jbara to Everyone:<br \/>\nAre those biomakers detected in NTM disease?<br \/>\n08:22:18 From Nadia Sitoe to Everyone:<br \/>\nWhat about the WB T CD4 specific cell activation and maturation profile using flow cytometry?<br \/>\n08:22:54 From Vanessa Mwebaza Muwanga to Everyone:<br \/>\nSince type I interferons or anything related to interferon signalling comes up a lot when it comes to transcriptomic work on active TB, would we take those to mainly be biomarkers or correlates of risk and not of protection?<br \/>\n08:23:02 From Simon Mendelsohn to Everyone:<br \/>\nTranscriptional signature diagnostic performance seems to have reached a ceiling: Do you think we will be able to break through this ceiling, and how?<br \/>\n08:23:12 From Nguyen Kim Cuong to Everyone:<br \/>\nCan we have the similar biomarker to recognize the transformation from clinical TB to subclinical TB ?<br \/>\n08:24:57 From Emmanuel Biryabarema to Everyone:<br \/>\nis there any reason why TB LAM test has been approved for use specifically in people living with HIV ?<br \/>\n08:25:09 From Emmanuel Biryabarema to Everyone:<br \/>\nWas this answered?<br \/>\n08:27:38 From Paul K. Drain to Everyone:<br \/>\n@Emmanuel &#8211; the current LAM test are only accurate among PLHIV with low CD4 &#8211; which likely reflects a high TB bacillary load.<br \/>\n08:28:02 From Emmanuel Biryabarema to Everyone:<br \/>\nThank you<br \/>\n08:33:48 From Ann Ritah to Everyone:<br \/>\nWhat is the role of the training data and how is done collected<br \/>\n08:36:03 From Simon Mendelsohn to Everyone:<br \/>\nleft<br \/>\n08:36:05 From Kim Foster to Everyone:<br \/>\nleft<br \/>\n08:36:06 From Isabel Chin to Everyone:<br \/>\nleft<br \/>\n08:36:06 From Emmanuel Moreau to Everyone:<br \/>\nL<br \/>\n08:36:06 From Robert Rousseau to Everyone:<br \/>\nleft side<br \/>\n08:36:07 From Ren\u00e9e Codsi UW Seattle to Everyone:<br \/>\nPost pandemic the image on the right<br \/>\n08:36:09 From Edson Mambuque to Everyone:<br \/>\nLesft<br \/>\n08:36:09 From Wieda Human to Everyone:<br \/>\nleft<br \/>\n08:36:10 From Luc\u00eda Loy to Everyone:<br \/>\nleft<br \/>\n08:36:12 From Sindhulina Chandrasingh to Everyone:<br \/>\nleft<br \/>\n08:36:13 From Edson Mambuque to Everyone:<br \/>\n*left<br \/>\n08:36:16 From Stavia Turyahabwe to Everyone:<br \/>\nleft<br \/>\n08:36:18 From matovu Sande to Everyone:<br \/>\nleft<br \/>\n08:36:19 From DANIEL OKUTU to Everyone:<br \/>\nleft<br \/>\n08:36:21 From Teniola Lawanson UniOfEdinburgh to Everyone:<br \/>\nLeft<br \/>\n08:36:34 From IVAN IBANDA to Everyone:<br \/>\nLeft<br \/>\n08:40:43 From Cinthya Ruiz-Tagle to Everyone:<br \/>\nIs LAM testing specific for TB or could it exist cross reaction with M. leprae?<br \/>\n08:41:35 From martha nakaye to Everyone:<br \/>\nIs Urine LAM specific for pulmonary or extra pulmonary TB<br \/>\n08:41:52 From Cinthya Ruiz-Tagle to Everyone:<br \/>\nSince LAM has also been described as possible biomarker for leprosy<br \/>\n08:42:08 From DANIEL OKUTU to Everyone:<br \/>\nwhat duration of receiving the results while using the oral swab?<br \/>\n08:42:11 From Paul K. Drain to Everyone:<br \/>\n@Cinthya &#8211; Yes, LAM is in the cell wall of all Mycobacterium. So, LAM testing can be positive with NTMs.<br \/>\n08:43:42 From Qader Ghulam to Ksenia P Koon(Direct Message):<br \/>\nGreetings Ksenia. Would you please share the link to get the course materials?<br \/>\n08:44:17 From Ksenia P Koon to Qader Ghulam(Direct Message):<br \/>\nHello Qader. Sometime next week, the recordings of the presentations will be posted here: https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/curriculum-schedule\/<br \/>\n08:44:58 From Daniel Waiswa to Everyone:<br \/>\nHullo Dr. Shah which molecular mechanism does M.tb exploit to avoid killing by IL-1B through induction of type I interferon<br \/>\n08:45:06 From Lisa Marie Cranmer MD to Everyone:<br \/>\n@Martha &#8211; Urine LAM is more sensitive for EPTB, not specific to distinguish EPTB vs PTB<br \/>\n08:45:10 From Georgetta K. Daffeh to Everyone:<br \/>\nDo you encounter issues of high rate contaminated oral swab samples? If yes how do you overcome this?<br \/>\n08:45:10 From Qader Ghulam to Ksenia P Koon(Direct Message):<br \/>\nThanks.<br \/>\n08:45:23 From florence mwangwa to Everyone:<br \/>\nInteresting presentation on oral swabs. Have you noticed diurnal variation in sensitivity as for sputum where a morning sample is thought to yield more<br \/>\n08:46:13 From Edson Mambuque to Everyone:<br \/>\nDo you have information if early swab would perform better compared to spot swab?<br \/>\n08:46:59 From Derrick Semugenze to Everyone:<br \/>\nDid you look at the best timing for collection of oral swabs? Would for example an early morning swab detect better?<br \/>\n08:50:01 From martha nakaye to Everyone:<br \/>\n@ Thanks Lisa<br \/>\n08:53:30 From Rose Mary to Everyone:<br \/>\nA swab from tongue does it require fasting?<br \/>\n08:55:39 From Jerry Cangelosi to Everyone:<br \/>\n@Cynthia &#8211; I don&#8217;t know much about LAM testing for leprosy. I&#8217;d love to hear more!<br \/>\n08:55:54 From Ann Ritah to Everyone:<br \/>\n@ Jerry is acoustic monitoring done at patient will whenever they wish to cough or a device is installed in buildings to capture any people that are coughing in a given area<br \/>\n08:56:18 From elisa lopez varela to Everyone:<br \/>\nBless you1<br \/>\n08:56:52 From Jerry Cangelosi to Everyone:<br \/>\n@Martha &#8211; Urine LAM is thought to be more sensitive for detecting extrapulmonary TB. But I wouldn&#8217;t call it &#8220;specific&#8221; for either form.<br \/>\n08:57:52 From Jerry Cangelosi to Everyone:<br \/>\n@Daniel &#8211; depends on analysis method. When using Xpert it is possible to receive results in real time (eg 2 hours from sampling to result).<br \/>\n08:57:58 From martha nakaye to Everyone:<br \/>\n@ Jerry , thank you<br \/>\n09:00:37 From Jerry Cangelosi to Everyone:<br \/>\n@Georgetta &#8211; We have used a manual PCR for oral swabs which can cause specificity problems. They mostly go away when we use Xpert. Non-disease carriage of TB in the mouth is possible though. But it requires longitudinal studies to know if they are &#8220;non-disease&#8221; or &#8220;incipient disease&#8221;. Such studies are very much needed<br \/>\n09:01:33 From Jerry Cangelosi to Everyone:<br \/>\n@Florence &#8211; yes, oral swabs appear to be slightly more sensitive in the early morning (so is sputum testing). See Luabeya et al, 2019.<br \/>\n09:02:29 From Georgetta K. Daffeh to Everyone:<br \/>\nThank you.<br \/>\n09:02:30 From Jerry Cangelosi to Everyone:<br \/>\n@Edson &#8211; What is spot swab?<br \/>\n09:03:01 From mukwatamundu jobterry to Everyone:<br \/>\nwhich could be the best possible time for collecting an oral swab, before or after a patients has coughed?<br \/>\n09:03:03 From florence mwangwa to Everyone:<br \/>\nthanks Jerry<br \/>\n09:03:35 From Jerry Cangelosi to Everyone:<br \/>\n@Ann &#8211; acoustic monitoring is very early stage and exploratory. But in theory it could involve either individual or group (site) monitoring.<br \/>\n09:05:07 From Jerry Cangelosi to Everyone:<br \/>\n@Mukwatamundu &#8211; great question. It&#8217;s possible that oral swabs work better AFTER coughing. But the whole idea is to make sampling easier and safer, so we don&#8217;t want coughing as a required step. Most evaluations have omitted preliminary coughing.<br \/>\n09:08:13 From Sylvia M LaCourse to Everyone:<br \/>\n@ Lisa Very comprehensive talk!<br \/>\n09:09:28 From Paul K. Drain to Everyone:<br \/>\nTake a 5 minute Bio-break. We\u2019ll resume at 12 minutes past hour.<br \/>\n09:10:44 From Ann Ritah to Everyone:<br \/>\n@ Jerry; What is the role of the training data and how is done collected<br \/>\n09:17:25 From Jerry Cangelosi to Everyone:<br \/>\n@Ann &#8211; When looking at VOCs or cough patterns, there may be differences between different populations. For example, because of different diets, comorbidities, or microbiota. So developers are advised to &#8220;train&#8221; their algorithms for a specific region. Obviously this is problematic for widespread implementation. This is why traditional microbiological markers (e.g. pathogen DNA) have an advantage.<br \/>\n09:17:33 From Lomonyang Victor to Everyone:<br \/>\nwhy are incidences high in post pregnancy?<br \/>\n09:18:32 From Lisa Marie Cranmer MD to Everyone:<br \/>\n@Victor: Likely related to pregnancy and postpartum immune changes, which involve lower Th1 responses important in Mtb response. These return to normal in the first 3-6 months postpartum.<br \/>\n09:19:16 From Lomonyang Victor to Everyone:<br \/>\nThanks!<br \/>\n09:19:19 From Lisa Marie Cranmer MD to Everyone:<br \/>\nSee Jonnagaladda\u2019s study on longitudinal ESAT\/CFP10 responses during pregnancy\/postpartum<br \/>\n09:21:30 From Jerry Cangelosi to Everyone:<br \/>\n@Derrick: oral swabs appear to be slightly more sensitive in the early morning (so is sputum testing). See Luabeya et al, 2019.<br \/>\n09:22:33 From Derrick Semugenze to Everyone:<br \/>\n@Jerry: Thanks<br \/>\n09:27:54 From Ernest Aben to Everyone:<br \/>\n@Jerry, can self collection at home for an early morning oral swab approach improve yield over the onsite collection?<br \/>\n09:27:56 From Sylvia M LaCourse to Everyone:<br \/>\n@ Grace Fantastic overview!<br \/>\n09:28:47 From Charlotte Barungi to Everyone:<br \/>\ngood presentation on how to dx for TB in PLWHIV, thanks<br \/>\n09:28:47 From Emmanuel Biryabarema to Everyone:<br \/>\nThank you @Grace for the Awesome presentation<br \/>\n09:29:09 From Jerry Cangelosi to Everyone:<br \/>\n@Ernest &#8211; that is quite possible.<br \/>\n09:29:12 From Lisa Marie Cranmer MD to Everyone:<br \/>\n@Grace fantastic talk!!<br \/>\n09:30:08 From Ernest Aben to Everyone:<br \/>\n@Jerry, in your experience, what would be the likely challenges with home self collection, given ease of the collection procedure&#8230;I am thinking of something in this line&#8230;and utilize xpert for testing<br \/>\n09:30:33 From Lomonyang Victor to Everyone:<br \/>\nWhat are the chances of mother with TB giving birth to a child with disease?<br \/>\n09:32:14 From Jerry Cangelosi to Everyone:<br \/>\n@Ernest &#8211; We gained a lot of experience on this from the COVID pandemic. Inevitably, unsupervised self-sampling doesn&#8217;t perform quite as well as supervised (by clinician) sampling in a clinical setting. But it can still be very useful if it greatly expands the number of people screened. Self-sampling with tongue swabs is not hard to learn. Good training materials are essential.<br \/>\n09:32:15 From Sylvia M LaCourse to Everyone:<br \/>\nRisk much higher through respiratory exposure with close maternal infant contact<br \/>\n09:33:18 From Ernest Aben to Everyone:<br \/>\nThanks @Jerry, this is very helpful<br \/>\n09:33:57 From Lisa Marie Cranmer MD to Everyone:<br \/>\n@Lomonyang: Congenital transmission ery low, &lt;5% but more ~1%<br \/>\n09:34:04 From Lisa Marie Cranmer MD to Everyone:<br \/>\nCan present as primary hepatic complex &#8211; abdominal US useful<br \/>\n09:34:09 From Lisa Marie Cranmer MD to Everyone:<br \/>\nalso can present as primary pulmonary complex<br \/>\n09:34:49 From Lomonyang Victor to Everyone:<br \/>\nThanks Lisa<br \/>\n09:34:52 From Jerry Cangelosi to Everyone:<br \/>\n@Ernest &#8211; if you are thinking of using Xpert please write to me and we&#8217;ll send you our methodology. Some methods work better than others.<br \/>\n09:39:59 From Ernest Aben to Everyone:<br \/>\nThanks @Jerry. Will be in touch. Kindly share your email address<br \/>\n09:41:52 From Stavia Turyahabwe to Everyone:<br \/>\nHow is COVID testing on Xpert machines threatening progress for rapid TB diagnosis. Is there research for using same sample for TB and COVID testing diagnosis.<br \/>\n09:42:58 From Dra Laura Lagrutta to Everyone:<br \/>\ndo you think that FujiFimn can be used in children HIV negatives?<br \/>\n09:43:24 From Jerry Cangelosi to Everyone:<br \/>\n@Stavia &#8211; yes, several groups are working on that. Ideally, in TB- and COVID-endemic settings, every sample should be tested for both.<br \/>\n09:44:03 From Lomonyang Victor to Everyone:<br \/>\nWhat does the panelist say about use of TB LAM testing for other patients than PLHIV?<br \/>\n09:45:15 From Dra Laura Lagrutta to Everyone:<br \/>\nWhat are the most promising biomarkers in response to treatment?<br \/>\n09:45:42 From Georgetta K. Daffeh to Everyone:<br \/>\nWhich of the human sample types is so far more promising for detecting TB aside sputum?<br \/>\n09:48:50 From mukwatamundu jobterry to Everyone:<br \/>\nFor treatment follow up for patients on anti TBs, which other possible method\/sample may be used for follow up apart from using sputum<br \/>\n09:50:39 From Lomonyang Victor to Everyone:<br \/>\nTB LAM Positive patients are classified as Pulmonary Bacteriologically Confirmed. What is the recommended method for follow up of treatment response.<br \/>\n09:52:56 From Jerry Cangelosi to Everyone:<br \/>\nGood point Emmanuel<br \/>\n10:00:13 From Abdou Fofana to Everyone:<br \/>\nWhat about risk of TB transmission profile ? (vs risk of developing TB) which will justify the need to detect people with incipient and subclinical TB<br \/>\n10:06:03 From Josephine Victo Namugga to Everyone:<br \/>\nhow feasible are anti MS and MPT51 biomarkers in TB diagnosis<br \/>\n10:07:20 From Josephine Victo Namugga to Everyone:<br \/>\nin incipient or subclinical TB diagnosis<br \/>\n10:19:18 From martha nakaye to Everyone:<br \/>\nis it possible to detect LAM antigen in blood, and sputum other than Urine whose sensitivity is low in some populations.<br \/>\n10:19:21 From Derrick Semugenze to Everyone:<br \/>\nIs it possible to investigate mycobacterial mRNA in treatment monitoring?<br \/>\n10:21:57 From Emmanuel Moreau to Everyone:<br \/>\nLAM in blood or sputum: yes. However, whether it will be more sensitive of not is still to be determined.<br \/>\n10:32:57 From Jerry Cangelosi to Everyone:<br \/>\n@Derrick &#8211; mRNA &#8211; yes but it isn&#8217;t perfect. Nick Walter at U. Colorado just published a study on another RNA molecule &#8211; rRNA precursor (pre-rRNA). There is potential there as well.<br \/>\n10:34:01 From Lubega Jason to Everyone:<br \/>\nSomeone talk about why MPT64 antigen is being sidelined<br \/>\n10:40:43 From Wilson Mangeni to Everyone:<br \/>\nYes we are doing many procedres<br \/>\n10:40:51 From Jerry Cangelosi to Everyone:<br \/>\nAre you involved with the oral swab analysis?<br \/>\n10:59:24 From Robert Rousseau to Everyone:<br \/>\nThanks team for the discussion :).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-lightbox-content su-u-trim \" id=\"chat-0916\" style=\"display:none;width:auto;min-width:none;max-width:600px;margin-top:40px;margin-bottom:40px;padding:40px;background:#FFFFFF;color:#333333;box-shadow:0px 0px 15px #333333;text-align:left\">\n<section aria-label=\"widget_text amr_widget\" id=\"text-24\" class=\"widget widget_text amr_widget\">\n<h2 class=\"widget-title h4\">Chat discussion, Thursday September 16<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"udub-slant-divider gold\"><span><\/span><\/span>\t\t\t<\/p>\n<div class=\"textwidget\">\n<p>07:26:53 From Rafaella Osores Urday to Everyone:<br \/>\nHello! From Lima, Peru<br \/>\n07:28:21 From Judy Machuka to Everyone:<br \/>\nHi from Kenya<br \/>\n07:28:44 From Blessed Shiko to Everyone:<br \/>\nHello everyone, Elizabeth Mwangi from Kenya<br \/>\n07:30:32 From Lubega Jason to Everyone:<br \/>\nHello everyone. Hope you all alright!\ud83d\ude04<br \/>\n07:31:13 From anibal_medicina@hotmail.com to Everyone:<br \/>\nGood Morning. thanks for the excellent expositions and the update of the TBC themes.<br \/>\n07:31:31 From Isabel Chin to Everyone:<br \/>\nGood morning!<br \/>\n07:31:33 From Lomonyang Victor to Everyone:<br \/>\nHello! Victor Lomonyang Uganda<br \/>\n07:31:35 From anibal_medicina@hotmail.com to Everyone:<br \/>\nANIBAL VILCA. CITBM. PERU<br \/>\n07:31:42 From Irene Ndagire to Everyone:<br \/>\nHi \ud83d\udc4b<br \/>\n07:32:03 From Yvette Rodriguez to Everyone:<br \/>\nGood morning from Seattle! \ud83d\ude42<br \/>\n07:32:47 From IVAN IBANDA to Everyone:<br \/>\nHi, Ivan Ibanda from Uganda. It is a cloudy evening here.<br \/>\n07:32:49 From Rafaella Osores Urday to Everyone:<br \/>\nCold cold winter in Peru<br \/>\n07:33:09 From Irene Ndagire to Everyone:<br \/>\ngood evening from South Sudan<br \/>\n07:33:38 From Jerphason Mecha to Everyone:<br \/>\nJerphason Mecha from Kenya-Kisumu City<br \/>\n07:33:44 From Derrick Semugenze to Everyone:<br \/>\nHello everyone. It is a cloudy evening here in Kampala, Uganda. Glad to be here again<br \/>\n07:34:18 From Isabelle Munyangaju to Everyone:<br \/>\n\ud83d\udc4b. Isabelle \ud83c\uddf2\ud83c\uddff Mozambique<br \/>\n07:34:26 From Dra Laura Lagrutta to Everyone:<br \/>\nhello I\u00b4m Laura from Argentina<br \/>\n07:35:51 From matovu Sande to Everyone:<br \/>\ngood morning, good afternoon and good evening from Makerere Univesity Kampala, Uganda<br \/>\n07:36:16 From martha nakaye to Everyone:<br \/>\nGood evening<br \/>\n07:37:13 From bmugabi@baylor-uganda.org to Everyone:<br \/>\nHello everyone. Benedicto Mugabi from Uganda<br \/>\n07:38:01 From Teniola Lawanson UniOfEdinburgh to Everyone:<br \/>\nHello there from Lagos, Nigeria. Teniola Lawanson<br \/>\n07:38:55 From Carla Achiro to Everyone:<br \/>\nGreetings! Carla Achiro MPH student &#8211; Makerere University School of Public Health<br \/>\n07:38:56 From Daniel Waiswa to Everyone:<br \/>\nGood morning, good afternoon and good evening.<br \/>\nDaniel Waiswa, Makerere University Kampala, Uganda<br \/>\n07:45:37 From Robert Kyomuhendo to Everyone:<br \/>\nI love the discussion,<br \/>\nRobert Kyomuhendo, medical student at Gulu University.<br \/>\n07:47:03 From Paul K. Drain to Everyone:<br \/>\nThanks for joining everyone. If you haven\u2019t already, please let us know where you\u2019re located. It\u2019s cool, but sunny in Seattle.<br \/>\n07:48:01 From Suman Gurung to Everyone:<br \/>\nGood evening, I am Suman Chandra Gurung from Nepal<br \/>\n07:48:13 From Tah Rene Mih to Everyone:<br \/>\nGreetings from Cameroon \ud83c\udde8\ud83c\uddf2<br \/>\n07:49:13 From Fainet Metrine to Everyone:<br \/>\nHello, am from Nairobi Kenya<br \/>\n07:49:21 From Collins Wamunye to Everyone:<br \/>\nHello everyone, Collins from Nairobi, Kenya.<br \/>\n07:50:05 From Joel.S. kabugo to Everyone:<br \/>\ngood evening, kabugo from Uganda \ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddec<br \/>\n07:50:53 From Derrick Semugenze to Everyone:<br \/>\nHow was the strength of cough measured?<br \/>\n07:52:07 From Derrick Semugenze to Everyone:<br \/>\nDuring using the CASS machine<br \/>\n07:52:20 From Stavia Turyahabwe to Everyone:<br \/>\nHow is the massive universal use of masks affecting transmission of tuberculosis? Any study findings<br \/>\n08:00:52 From Dra Laura Lagrutta to Everyone:<br \/>\nlymph nodes that drain, what would be the possibility of transmission?<br \/>\n08:00:58 From Jerphason Mecha to Everyone:<br \/>\nNice talk Dave!<br \/>\n08:00:59 From Lomonyang Victor to Everyone:<br \/>\nGreat<br \/>\n08:01:23 From Peter Small to Everyone:<br \/>\n\ud83d\udc4f<br \/>\n08:01:28 From Collins Wamunye to Everyone:<br \/>\nWonderful presentation Dave<br \/>\n08:01:29 From Michael Kakinda to Everyone:<br \/>\nIf ACF is not very effective what options do we have?<br \/>\n08:01:52 From Kevin Sellanga to Everyone:<br \/>\ngreat presentation Dave<br \/>\n08:03:21 From Paul K. Drain to Everyone:<br \/>\nGreat questions. David Horne will NOT move into a speaker room, so please write any questions for David in the Chat box.<br \/>\n08:06:12 From David J. Horne to Everyone:<br \/>\nGreat question Kevin re: ACF effectiveness. Whether cost-effective strategies exist is still an outstanding question. Would targeting of small neighborhoods that are geographic hotspots be an effective strategy? Things need to be studied and in the meantime we should implement WHO strategy of TPT provision to household contacts regardless of HIV status. Also better diagnosis of patients that present for care (and are wrongly diagnosed with non-TB illness) is important (evident from national prevalence surveys).<br \/>\n08:06:38 From Charlotte Barungi to Everyone:<br \/>\nHello every one<br \/>\nCharlotte Barungi from MUJHU Uganda<br \/>\n08:07:01 From Qader Ghulam to Everyone:<br \/>\nHello to you all. Qader from Afghanistan<br \/>\n08:07:02 From David J. Horne to Everyone:<br \/>\nDerrick &#8211; cough strength measured with a simple (and cheap) peak flow meter<br \/>\n08:07:07 From Magnolia Luque Dur\u00e1n to Everyone:<br \/>\nHello everyone , from Per\u00fa.<br \/>\n08:10:04 From David J. Horne to Everyone:<br \/>\nI don&#8217;t think of lymph node drainage as usually being infectious in the absence of aerosolization (blasting the sinus tract with a water jet, for example) or some form of direct inoculation.<br \/>\n08:14:32 From Dra Laura Lagrutta to Everyone:<br \/>\nthank you<br \/>\n08:18:20 From Harriet Namyalo to Everyone:<br \/>\nHI<br \/>\n08:21:47 From Peter Small to Everyone:<br \/>\nJason, i missed one point. In your resister cohort, of the 254 tst negative at 24 months, how many remained tst negative 8-10 years later?<br \/>\n08:23:12 From Stavia Turyahabwe to Everyone:<br \/>\nany ideas on the infectiousness of COVID 19 in sputum compared to MTB. which is more likely to be transmitted through aerosol<br \/>\n08:23:41 From Judy Machuka to Everyone:<br \/>\nWhile LTBI has protective effects, what is the threshold at whch TB Preventive Therapy become significant to prevent TB disease progression? Thank you<br \/>\n08:23:43 From Nadia Sitoe to Everyone:<br \/>\nJason, what about the TAM-TB assay to distinguish infected and LTBI?<br \/>\n08:42:55 From Jason Simmons to Everyone:<br \/>\nThx Nadia, while I\u2019m not an expert in TAM-TB and other novel diagnostics, I think there is still a barrier in sensitivity for \u2018latent TB\u2019. There may be more encouraging data and I am hopeful we can do better than status quo to better risk-stratify LTBI for TPT.<br \/>\n08:44:49 From Jason Simmons to Everyone:<br \/>\nThx Ann, some baseline BAL data was recently published (PMID: 33836031). We are working on more BAL collections for more functional studies (ex vivo infections, etc), stay tuned.<br \/>\n08:45:19 From Jason Simmons to Everyone:<br \/>\nAnn, also the data shared was from blood only.<br \/>\n08:45:46 From Peter Small to Everyone:<br \/>\nHaving spent decades with RFLP based mol epi, I&#8217;m so envious of your technology&#8230; what questions do you think are most important to readdress with your improved technology<br \/>\n08:50:23 From Ann Ritah to Everyone:<br \/>\nThanks Jason. Great data<br \/>\n08:54:38 From Joshua Herbeck to Everyone:<br \/>\n@Peter That\u2019s a good question. I think the hope for all genomic epidemiology (for all possible pathogens) is to directly inform prevention activities\u2026 Perhaps by identifying outbreaks more quickly (\u201creal time\u201d genomic epi), or identifying individual risk factors for transmission. For TB the use of genomic sequence data definitely allows for finer scale resolution of local transmission chains, which can help both of these questions.<br \/>\n09:00:39 From Maryam Amour to Everyone:<br \/>\nHow many times should a person living with HIV in TB endemic area use TPT in their lifetime?<br \/>\n09:01:38 From Stavia Turyahabwe to Everyone:<br \/>\nwhat about for children contacts when would they repeat therapy<br \/>\n09:01:50 From Stavia Turyahabwe to Everyone:<br \/>\nand other contacts<br \/>\n09:02:08 From Peter Small to Everyone:<br \/>\nWhile I can&#8217;t argue against that as a way to prioritize research, i think there is value in fun\/fundamental questions&#8230; one of my favorite projets was using genetic and geographic distances to infer the impact of human demography on bacterial evolution &#8211; it would be interesting to see if the conclusions we made stand up to better genetic distance measures.<br \/>\n09:02:41 From Peter Small to Everyone:<br \/>\nmy last comment was directed to Joshua<br \/>\n09:03:03 From Collins Wamunye to Everyone:<br \/>\nWhat happens for children who don&#8217;t complete the TPT due to stock-out at the facilities.<br \/>\n09:03:58 From tamara leiva to Everyone:<br \/>\nAnd what happen with people witth the diferents treatment of cancer? Does they suffer inmunosuppresion? What to do in this cases? Apply isoniacid profilactic treatment?<br \/>\n09:08:15 From Jack Karugah to Everyone:<br \/>\nKenya is just started 3hp<br \/>\n09:08:23 From Jack Karugah to Everyone:<br \/>\n*has<br \/>\n09:08:55 From Maryam Amour to Everyone:<br \/>\nTanzania use 3HP is research settings, it\u2019s not fully rolled out. We still use isoniazid<br \/>\n09:09:17 From Paul K. Drain to Everyone:<br \/>\nTaking a Bio Break &#8211; will resume in 5 minutes &#8211; or 13 minutes after the hour.<br \/>\n09:09:33 From Ngonie Dube to Everyone:<br \/>\nSwaziland also using 3HP since June<br \/>\n09:09:57 From Joshua Herbeck to Everyone:<br \/>\n@Peter Yes, of course, I do agree that genomic epi (and all research, really) shouldn\u2019t necessarily result in direct actionable results! I brought that up in my previous comment just to highlight that that is what most genomic epi grant applications and paper discussion sections say about the work. And, despite the cool technology and exciting analyses, it is my experience that phylogenetics and genomic epi still has to show that it can add substantial findings above and beyond standard epi.<br \/>\n09:11:08 From Joshua Herbeck to Everyone:<br \/>\nAnd I say that as a phylogeneticist and fan and supporter of the field!<br \/>\n09:12:18 From Lubega Jason to Everyone:<br \/>\nUganda also started 3HP treatment and they have done some studies. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34193311\/ https:\/\/chs.mak.ac.ug\/system\/files\/3HP%20Hybrid%20Type%20Implementation%20Sciences%20DOT%20SAT.pdf https:\/\/implementationsciencecomms.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s43058-021-00173-2<br \/>\n09:29:31 From Jack Karugah to Everyone:<br \/>\nAnyone with pointers to possible regimens for TPT for MDR\/RR TB?<br \/>\n09:31:40 From Isabelle Munyangaju to Everyone:<br \/>\n@Jack&#8230;in Mozambique we are using Levofloxacin for TPT for RR\/TB contacts if the index case doesn&#8217;t have resistance to fluoroquinolones.<br \/>\n09:32:43 From Jerphason Mecha to Everyone:<br \/>\nNice talk Sylvia<br \/>\n09:32:47 From Ann Ritah to Everyone:<br \/>\nin the iTIPS trial, what was the TB status of the mothers<br \/>\n09:33:28 From Lomonyang Victor to Everyone:<br \/>\nThanks Sylvia, Do under 5 contacts of PCD and EPTB qualify for TPT??<br \/>\n09:34:16 From Kevin Sellanga to Everyone:<br \/>\nexcellent presentation Sylvia.<br \/>\n09:34:16 From Maryam Amour to Everyone:<br \/>\nWhats the recommended TPT regimen for pregnant\/postpartum women<br \/>\n09:34:22 From Jack Karugah to Everyone:<br \/>\n@Isabelle, Thanks<br \/>\n09:34:36 From Ann Ritah to Everyone:<br \/>\nDid the kids get BCG at birth? This could affect their TST resualt<br \/>\n09:44:22 From martha nakaye to Everyone:<br \/>\nhow can you tell that some one is responding to treatment using the hyfe app. and is this comparable to any of the available gold standards like smear microscopy.<br \/>\n09:45:36 From Ann Ritah to Everyone:<br \/>\n@Sylivia, I wonder why the primary out come would be set at MTB infection if the moms were presumably not infected\/ without active disease. Where did they think the babies would acquire the MTB infection from?<br \/>\n09:46:13 From Peter Small to Everyone:<br \/>\ngood question! like most cough questions the answer is &#8220;we don&#8217;t know but its testable&#8221;. Enrolling treatment cohorts and comparing cough and traditional endpoints would be super interested! Lets do it&#8230;<br \/>\n09:46:31 From Sylvia M LaCourse to Everyone:<br \/>\n@ Maryam Amour: current WHO recommendation is still INH, as you saw we need additional safety and PK data for 3HP and 1HP in pregnancy in setting of DTG where it is likely that we wil need to double the dose of DTG.<br \/>\n09:47:12 From Abdou Fofana to Everyone:<br \/>\n@Peter, Are you thinking of adding contact tracing on top of Cough monitoring in the Hyfe App?<br \/>\n09:48:34 From Sylvia M LaCourse to Everyone:<br \/>\n@ Rita &#8211; the big issue is that it really difficult to assess exposure and that for many\/most children in higher TB burden settings we don&#8217;t clearly identify exposures. So the idea is that there is likely a lot of additional exposure that we miss identifying in these youngest children at greatest risk for infection and progression to TB disease.<br \/>\n09:49:35 From Peter Small to Everyone:<br \/>\nthat is another interesting application! can it be used to identify prevlent or incident cases<br \/>\n09:50:47 From Isabelle Munyangaju to Everyone:<br \/>\nthe cough app is quite revolutionary&#8230;but in my view it will be for screening. I still have a problem how it will help me know whether it is resistant or sensitive TB. Because for remote areas that is the point of care test one needs &#8211; to tell clinician it is either sensitive or resistant TB&#8230;so we can start the right treatment promptly.<br \/>\n09:51:24 From Sylvia M LaCourse to Everyone:<br \/>\n@ Ann Ritah &#8211; excellent point RE BCG and TST. yes all children received TST at birth. You&#8217;re point is well taken that TST positivity can be associated with BCG. Our current diagnostics including both TST or IGRA have many limitations.<br \/>\n09:53:06 From Sylvia M LaCourse to Everyone:<br \/>\n@ Kevin Sellenga @ Jerphason Mecha: thanks for joining!<br \/>\n09:53:06 From Jerry Cangelosi to Everyone:<br \/>\nMTB DNA can be detected in the oral cavities of &gt;90% of people with active TB. I wonder if a quantitative approach to this can say anything about potential infectiousness? I wonder if it correlates with cough frequency?<br \/>\n09:53:31 From Jason Simmons to Everyone:<br \/>\nPeter &#8211; similar comment on the \u2018combined power\u2019 that handheld devices to monitor cough and GPS localization (contact tracing). Can you comment on privacy barriers in using technology to identify high-risk transmission sites in public locations.<br \/>\n09:57:13 From Jerry Cangelosi to Everyone:<br \/>\nAgree, it could be a transitory phase.<br \/>\n09:57:41 From Peter Small to Everyone:<br \/>\n@isabelle &#8211; I agree we need poc DST. historically we used pts as a biomarker for DST (AFB conversion at 2 months) which was horrible! However, i wonder if failure to resolve cough has clinical prognostic value<br \/>\n09:58:07 From Ann Ritah to Everyone:<br \/>\n@ Sylivia, did any of the kids ever become HIV positive given that they were exposed at birth (by being born to HIV positive moms)? Were there any adverse effects of having given TST at birth and then INH to those who received it? Was there any follow up post INH treatment for the kids? Interesting study, thanks<br \/>\n09:59:43 From Sylvia M LaCourse to Everyone:<br \/>\n@ Anna Ritah- thanks for your questions. Link to paper: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32564076\/<br \/>\n10:00:11 From Ffion Carlin to Everyone:<br \/>\nWhat if cough is due to other respiratory pathology as a consequence of post tb lung disease in a high burden setting? Culture is an imperfect gold standard, CXR often abnormal, what other differentials are not being diagnosed either concurrently or TB mimics.<br \/>\n10:04:11 From Sylvia M LaCourse to Everyone:<br \/>\n@ Ritah 2 children were later dx with HIV. No TST adverse events. SAEs were similar between INH and NO INH arms. Longer term follow up to 24 months is ongoing and was presented at IAS 2021 Abstract OAB0205. https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jia2.25755?mi=15pn4y5&amp;af=R&amp;AllField=%28HPV+OR+HPV*%29+AND+COBAS+AND+%288800+OR+6800%29&amp;content=articlesChapters&amp;countTerms=true&amp;target=default<br \/>\n10:04:39 From Isabelle Munyangaju to Everyone:<br \/>\nthis is a really great discussion<br \/>\n10:06:38 From Peter Small to Everyone:<br \/>\n@Ffion I think TB is the leading cause of non-infectious cough in the world &#8211; post treatment bronchiectasis<br \/>\n10:15:40 From Judy Machuka to Everyone:<br \/>\nWhat is the association between pleural effusion and scarring of the lung tissue with TB infection?<br \/>\n10:26:05 From Peter Small to Everyone:<br \/>\ndownload the cough app for free at http:\/\/hyfeapp.com and send me any feedback peter@hyfe.ai<br \/>\n10:27:21 From Dra Laura Lagrutta to Everyone:<br \/>\nI think that the objective should be to reach the diagnosis at a subclinical stage. before coughing and transmitting<br \/>\n10:28:10 From Ffion Carlin to Everyone:<br \/>\nThank you for a great discussion<br \/>\n10:29:20 From DANIEL OKUTU to Everyone:<br \/>\nthank you<br \/>\n10:29:32 From Judy Machuka to Everyone:<br \/>\nThank you for the rich discussion<br \/>\n10:29:37 From Jerphason Mecha to Everyone:<br \/>\nThank you<br \/>\n10:34:11 From ANIBAL VILCA to Everyone:<br \/>\nhello<br \/>\n10:35:18 From Robert Rousseau to Everyone:<br \/>\nHas The Cameroon ministry of health rolled 3HP?<br \/>\n10:35:19 From Tah Rene Mih to Everyone:<br \/>\nI&#8217;m interested in infectious diseases, that&#8217;s the reason I enrolled in this course<br \/>\n10:57:32 From Yvette Rodriguez to Everyone:<br \/>\n@Gabriella Jackson and John. It was great talking with y\u2019all!<br \/>\n10:57:52 From Sarah Jbara to Everyone:<br \/>\nThank you<br \/>\n10:58:10 From Gabriella Jackson to Everyone:<br \/>\n@Yvette and John &#8211; thank you me too!<br \/>\n10:58:15 From John Enzama to Everyone:<br \/>\nThanks Yvette and Gabriella<br \/>\n10:58:20 From Tah Rene Mih to Everyone:<br \/>\n@Ronald, Roseau glad to chat with you<br \/>\n10:58:51 From matovu Sande to Everyone:<br \/>\nmy friends from Kenya, thanks, it has been a great talk<br \/>\n10:58:59 From Dra Laura Lagrutta to Everyone:<br \/>\nThank you<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-lightbox-content su-u-trim \" id=\"chat-0917\" style=\"display:none;width:auto;min-width:none;max-width:600px;margin-top:40px;margin-bottom:40px;padding:40px;background:#FFFFFF;color:#333333;box-shadow:0px 0px 15px #333333;text-align:left\">\n<section aria-label=\"widget_text amr_widget\" id=\"text-25\" class=\"widget widget_text amr_widget\">\n<h2 class=\"widget-title h4\">Chat discussion, Friday September 17<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"udub-slant-divider gold\"><span><\/span><\/span>\t\t\t<\/p>\n<div class=\"textwidget\">\n<p>From Isabel Chin to Everyone:\u00a0 07:29 AM<\/p>\n<p>Good morning!<\/p>\n<p>From Emmanuel Biryabarema to Everyone:\u00a0 07:30 AM<\/p>\n<p>Good evening from Uganda<\/p>\n<p>From Me to Everyone:\u00a0 07:30 AM<\/p>\n<p>Good morning everyone!<\/p>\n<p>Good evening!<\/p>\n<p>From Paul K. Drain to Everyone:\u00a0 07:30 AM<\/p>\n<p>Welcome everyone!\u00a0 Last day of the Advanced TB Research Course!\u00a0 Please give us a greeting and let us know where you are located.<\/p>\n<p>From Andrea Nansereko to Everyone:\u00a0 07:31 AM<\/p>\n<p>Goodmorning from Uganda!<\/p>\n<p>From Melanie Goth to Everyone:\u00a0 07:31 AM<\/p>\n<p>Good Morning from New York<\/p>\n<p>From Andrea Nansereko to Everyone:\u00a0 07:31 AM<\/p>\n<p>Goodevening i meant, sorry from Uganda<\/p>\n<p>From Cinthya Ruiz-Tagle to Everyone:\u00a0 07:31 AM<\/p>\n<p>Good morning from Chile!<\/p>\n<p>From Emmanuel Biryabarema to Everyone:\u00a0 07:31 AM<\/p>\n<p>Emmanuel Biryabarema from Makerere University Uganada.<\/p>\n<p>From Judy Machuka to Everyone:\u00a0 07:32 AM<\/p>\n<p>Greetings from Kenya. The past 4 days have been a great learning experience<\/p>\n<p>From Rafaella Osores Urday to Everyone:\u00a0 07:32 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hello! From Peru<\/p>\n<p>From Harriet Namyalo to Everyone:\u00a0 07:32 AM<\/p>\n<p>Good evening everyone Harriet Namyalo form Uganda MUJHU<\/p>\n<p>From Carla Achiro to Everyone:\u00a0 07:32 AM<\/p>\n<p>Greetings! Carla Achiro From Makerere University School of Public Health<\/p>\n<p>From Tah Rene Mih to Everyone:\u00a0 07:32 AM<\/p>\n<p>Greetings from Cameroon \ud83c\udde8\ud83c\uddf2<\/p>\n<p>From elizabeth Mwangi to Everyone:\u00a0 07:33 AM<\/p>\n<p>Greetings everyone<\/p>\n<p>Elizabeth Mwangi from Kenya<\/p>\n<p>From Bashir Ssuna to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hi Everyone, Bashir here from Makerere University-Uganda<\/p>\n<p>From anibal_medicina@hotmail.com to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Good Morning.<\/p>\n<p>thank you for the presentation of the topics &#8230; and for the work that is done to present them.<\/p>\n<p>From Lubega Jason to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Heyllo, Lubega Jason<\/p>\n<p>from School of Biomedical Sciences Makerere University Uganda.\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddec<\/p>\n<p>From florence mwangwa to Me:\u00a0 (Direct Message) 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hi Ksenia, I missed Thursday due to competing priorities , do you have a recording you can share please?<\/p>\n<p>From Rose Mary to Everyone:\u00a0 07:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hi everyone. Rosemary Namwanje<\/p>\n<p>From anibal_medicina@hotmail.com to Everyone:\u00a0 07:35 AM<\/p>\n<p>ANIBAL VILCA- CITBM . PERU<\/p>\n<p>From Lubega Jason to Everyone:\u00a0 07:36 AM<\/p>\n<p>#Question:<\/p>\n<p>Hello Paul and Chris, How do we access the recordings? When will they be available?<\/p>\n<p>If you would like to see any of the recorded presentations or access the chat, we will have everything uploaded sometime early next week: https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/curriculum-schedule\/ In the drop down agenda, simply hover and click on the talk title you wish to view.<\/p>\n<p>From Lubega Jason to Everyone:\u00a0 07:38 AM<\/p>\n<p>Thank you @Ksenia<\/p>\n<p>From matovu &#8212; to Everyone:\u00a0 07:38 AM<\/p>\n<p>good evening to you all, from Uganda<\/p>\n<p>From Me to Everyone:\u00a0 07:38 AM<\/p>\n<p>Please take a moment to complete the course evaluation. Your results are anonymous and extremely helpful to us in planning future programs: https:\/\/catalyst.uw.edu\/webq\/survey\/kkoon1\/412679<\/p>\n<p>From IVAN IBANDA to Everyone:\u00a0 07:39 AM<\/p>\n<p>Ivan Ibanda from Uganda. A warm evening here.<\/p>\n<p>Hi everyone<\/p>\n<p>From Sarah Jbara to Everyone:\u00a0 07:39 AM<\/p>\n<p>Good morning from Costa Rica<\/p>\n<p>From elizabeth Mwangi to Everyone:\u00a0 07:39 AM<\/p>\n<p>Thanks Ksenia p.Koon<\/p>\n<p>From simon walusimbi to Everyone:\u00a0 07:39 AM<\/p>\n<p>simon walusimbi, Uganda<\/p>\n<p>From florence mwangwa to Me:\u00a0 (Direct Message) 07:39 AM<\/p>\n<p>hi Florence from Uganda,<\/p>\n<p>From Ngonie Dube to Everyone:\u00a0 07:39 AM<\/p>\n<p>Cold evening from Swaziland<\/p>\n<p>From Valeria Guzman Luna to Everyone:\u00a0 07:39 AM<\/p>\n<p>Good morning from Madison, Wisconsin<\/p>\n<p>From Zuweina Kondo to Everyone:\u00a0 07:40 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hi I am Zuweina from Tanzania currently in MD<\/p>\n<p>From Abdou Fofana to Everyone:\u00a0 07:40 AM<\/p>\n<p>Abdou, from Togo currently in Boston<\/p>\n<p>From Isabelle Munyangaju to Everyone:\u00a0 07:40 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hello. Isabelle from \ud83c\uddf2\ud83c\uddff Mozambique<\/p>\n<p>From Daniel Waiswa to Everyone:\u00a0 07:41 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hi everyone,<\/p>\n<p>Am Daniel Waiswa from Makerere University Kampala, Uganda<\/p>\n<p>From Josephine Victo Namugga to Everyone:\u00a0 07:41 AM<\/p>\n<p>thank you all, this has been a great training.<\/p>\n<p>I&#8217;m Josephine from Uganda<\/p>\n<p>From simon walusimbi to Everyone:\u00a0 07:48 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hi. Can you share a link for the article\/publication on the Styblo rule. Thanks.<\/p>\n<p>From Teniola Lawanson to Everyone:\u00a0 07:49 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hello there. Teniola Lawanson, from Nigeria \ud83c\uddf3\ud83c\uddec<\/p>\n<p>From Paul K. Drain to Everyone:\u00a0 07:51 AM<\/p>\n<p>Good questions from Dr. Chang &#8211; perhaps audience can put responses in the chat box.<\/p>\n<p>From Charlotte Barungi to Everyone:\u00a0 07:59 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hello, Charlotte Barungi, MUJHU Uganda<\/p>\n<p>From Lomonyang Victor to Everyone:\u00a0 07:59 AM<\/p>\n<p>Victor Lomonyang Uganda; Good evening!<\/p>\n<p>From nassozi rashidah to Everyone:\u00a0 08:00 AM<\/p>\n<p>hello Rashidah Nassozi from Uganda mujhu<\/p>\n<p>From IVAN IBANDA to Everyone:\u00a0 08:00 AM<\/p>\n<p>What are some of the modeling tools available for TB<\/p>\n<p>From Paul K. Drain to Everyone:\u00a0 08:22 AM<\/p>\n<p>If you have question for Dr. Iribarren &#8211; please write in the chat box.<\/p>\n<p>From Charlotte Barungi to Everyone:\u00a0 08:22 AM<\/p>\n<p>Thank you Sarah for you presentation.<\/p>\n<p>From STEPHANIE ANOVER-SOMBKE to Everyone:\u00a0 08:23 AM<\/p>\n<p>Would use of DATs need training for users? This can be a challenge in itself?<\/p>\n<p>From Wilson Mangeni to Everyone:\u00a0 08:24 AM<\/p>\n<p>Is Patient confidentiality and privacy assured with DATs?<\/p>\n<p>From Lubega Jason to Everyone:\u00a0 08:24 AM<\/p>\n<p>One of the recent 99DOTs studies in Uganda,<\/p>\n<p>you can check it out here<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7755538\/<\/p>\n<p>low cost smartphones were provided but still this intervention heavily relies on Patient reporting<\/p>\n<p>From Sarah Iribarren &#8211; she, her to Everyone:\u00a0 08:40 AM<\/p>\n<p>@Stephanie Yes, I agree there is a need for training. Particularly for the more interactive tools. The aim is to design\/tailor tools to be easy to use but there is certainly a learning cure and variation in how the tools are used.<\/p>\n<p>From Paul K. Drain to Everyone:\u00a0 08:40 AM<\/p>\n<p>Questions for Dr. Weiner?\u00a0\u00a0 Please type in Chat box.<\/p>\n<p>From Sarah Iribarren &#8211; she, her to Everyone:\u00a0 08:42 AM<\/p>\n<p>@wilson. Privacy and confidentiality is a critical component. There are standards in app and tool development to safeguard privacy and confidentiality but it is still a risk. Can design to improve.<\/p>\n<p>From Wilson Mangeni to Everyone:\u00a0 08:43 AM<\/p>\n<p>@ Sarah. Thanks<\/p>\n<p>From Sarah Iribarren &#8211; she, her to Everyone:\u00a0 08:43 AM<\/p>\n<p>@Daniel\u00a0 we have had good success when many patients using an app at the same time. Each person should have individual logins.<\/p>\n<p>From Felipe Santana-Gomez to Everyone:\u00a0 09:05 AM<\/p>\n<p>What is the current average cost of a geneXpert cartridge?<\/p>\n<p>From Tah Rene Mih to Everyone:\u00a0 09:07 AM<\/p>\n<p>@Santana, I saw $2.95-$4.64<\/p>\n<p>From Felipe Santana-Gomez to Everyone:\u00a0 09:09 AM<\/p>\n<p>I think that was estimated cost of production, I&#8217;m curious to what they charge clinics or diagnostic labs per cartridge.<\/p>\n<p>From Paul K. Drain to Everyone:\u00a0 09:10 AM<\/p>\n<p>We\u2019ll see everyone back at 15 minutes past the hour.<\/p>\n<p>From Emma Mudrock to Everyone:\u00a0 09:11 AM<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"fGLtZPs4TU\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.treatmentactiongroup.org\/statement\/protestors-demand-cepheid-halve-price-of-genexpert-tb-tests-to-us5\/\">Protestors Demand Cepheid Halve the Price of GeneXpert TB Tests to US$5<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Protestors Demand Cepheid Halve the Price of GeneXpert TB Tests to US$5&#8221; &#8212; Treatment Action Group\" src=\"https:\/\/www.treatmentactiongroup.org\/statement\/protestors-demand-cepheid-halve-price-of-genexpert-tb-tests-to-us5\/embed\/#?secret=nIHaFCR4gt#?secret=fGLtZPs4TU\" data-secret=\"fGLtZPs4TU\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>this article on the TAG website says as of 2012 the price is $9.98<\/p>\n<p>that is reduced from $16.86 because the Bill and Melinda gates foundation gave Cephid $11.1 million to reduce the price<\/p>\n<p>From Felipe Santana-Gomez to Everyone:\u00a0 09:12 AM<\/p>\n<p>Thanks!<\/p>\n<p>From David Branigan to Everyone:\u00a0 09:19 AM<\/p>\n<p>Hi all, regarding the price of GeneXpert tests, Cepheid prices these at between $9.98 (TB) and $19.80 (COVID-19, Ebola). But the estimated COGS across diseases are between $2.95 and $4.64. Here is a link to the MSF analysis: https:\/\/msfaccess.org\/time-for-5<\/p>\n<p>From Emma Mudrock to Everyone:\u00a0 09:20 AM<\/p>\n<p>Thanks for the clarification David!<\/p>\n<p>From David Branigan to Everyone:\u00a0 09:20 AM<\/p>\n<p>Here is a link to the TAG analysis that found the public invested more than $250 million in the research and development of GeneXpert technology: https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0256883<\/p>\n<p>From @WaiteRobyn to Everyone:\u00a0 09:28 AM<\/p>\n<p>stop tb Canada \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n<p>Alex and Lena made it and published it here: https:\/\/www.healthaffairs.org\/do\/10.1377\/hblog20210503.703348\/full\/<\/p>\n<p>From Felipe Santana-Gomez to Everyone:\u00a0 09:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>So based on a 9.98 cartridge cost and 10 million cartridge sales per year, they gave up 68.8 million USD gross profit for 11.1 million USD when they dropped the price from 16.86 to 9.98. Their profit margin is definitely huge.<\/p>\n<p>From Tah Rene Mih to Everyone:\u00a0 09:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>Thanks for the clarification<\/p>\n<p>From Lubega Jason to Everyone:\u00a0 09:37 AM<\/p>\n<p>Great Points @Rhea\ud83d\udc4f<\/p>\n<p>From Valeria Guzman Luna to Everyone:\u00a0 09:37 AM<\/p>\n<p>Thanks @Rhea Lobo, it is very inspiring lo listening to you.<\/p>\n<p>From David Singini to Everyone:\u00a0 09:38 AM<\/p>\n<p>Thanks for sharing your experience Rhea.<\/p>\n<p>From florence mwangwa to Everyone:\u00a0 09:41 AM<\/p>\n<p>thank you Rhea that was inspiring<\/p>\n<p>From Judy Machuka to Everyone:\u00a0 09:41 AM<\/p>\n<p>Excellent sharing Rhea. Thanks<\/p>\n<p>From Charlotte Barungi to Everyone:\u00a0 09:41 AM<\/p>\n<p>Thank you so much Rhea, for sharing your experience.<\/p>\n<p>From Sarah Jbara to Everyone:\u00a0 09:41 AM<\/p>\n<p>Thanks for sharing. It was a very inspirational talk<\/p>\n<p>From Mbulaka Remmy to Everyone:\u00a0 09:42 AM<\/p>\n<p>Interesting<\/p>\n<p>From Daniel Waiswa to Everyone:\u00a0 09:43 AM<\/p>\n<p>Thanks Rhea, it was quite inspirational experience.<\/p>\n<p>From Chishala Mirriam Kapambwe to Everyone:\u00a0 09:43 AM<\/p>\n<p>A Big Thank you Rhea for saying it the way it is&#8230;TB needs to get the attention and recognition\u00a0 it deserves, otherwise we will talk and talk for decades without making headway in its eradication. Kind regards<\/p>\n<p>From David Branigan to Everyone:\u00a0 09:44 AM<\/p>\n<p>Regarding the Xpert MTB\/RIF buy-down, here is a TAG brief with background info and lessons learned: https:\/\/www.treatmentactiongroup.org\/publication\/advancing-access-through-market-interventions-lessons-learned-from-the-genexpert-tuberculosis-test-buy-down\/<\/p>\n<p>From Nkirote Mwirigi to Everyone:\u00a0 09:45 AM<\/p>\n<p>Thanks Rhea for sharing. That was insightful<\/p>\n<p>From Paul K. Drain to Everyone:\u00a0 09:50 AM<\/p>\n<p>If anyone has questions for our panelists &#8211; please raise hand or write in chat box.<\/p>\n<p>From Chetan Seshadri to Everyone:\u00a0 09:59 AM<\/p>\n<p>On Monday Willem Hanekom pointed out that TB vaccine develop is slow compared to COVID because we are not prepared for success.\u00a0 How can advocates help us prepare?<\/p>\n<p>From Rhea Lobo to Everyone:\u00a0 10:04 AM<\/p>\n<p>Thank you everyone for your kind messages, means a lot to me.<\/p>\n<p>From Lubega Jason to Everyone:\u00a0 10:06 AM<\/p>\n<p>This is a great discussion. We need a course too on how to build Political will\ud83d\ude02, it is one major factor for making things happen.<\/p>\n<p>From David Branigan to Everyone:\u00a0 10:08 AM<\/p>\n<p>FIND Global Access Policy: https:\/\/www.finddx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/FIND-Global-Access-Policy_PL-02-08-07_V1.1_JUL2021.pdf<\/p>\n<p>From Ethan Bustad to Everyone:\u00a0 10:10 AM<\/p>\n<p>@Robyn, what you say makes sense wrt changing our language from a &#8220;disease of poverty&#8221;. But&#8230; poverty is a huge risk factor for acquiring TB, and highly correlated with TB burden globally (https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/19394122\/). How can we be honest about this reality while also avoiding the stigma of our current language?<\/p>\n<p>From @WaiteRobyn to Everyone:\u00a0 10:11 AM<\/p>\n<p>I think talking in terms of social determinants of health &#8211; rather then putting &#8220;TB is a disease of poverty&#8221; front in center across messaging is the way we need to go<\/p>\n<p>does that make sense?<\/p>\n<p>From Premanshu Dandapat to Everyone:\u00a0 10:13 AM<\/p>\n<p>Prevalence of animal TB varies significantly across regions, although unlike for M. tuberculosis, data are sparse. The reduction in incidence and prevalence and control of both human and bovine TB is must to control TB across the world. Other than zoonotic TB in human, lots of M. tuberculosis cases are being reported in animals. Then, what are we thinking towards implementation of one health approach for END TB?<\/p>\n<p>From Ren\u00e9e Codsi UW Seattle to Everyone:\u00a0 10:13 AM<\/p>\n<p>@Rhea &#8211; Very good point about the need to destigmatiz TB and change the language we use to talk about TB. Can you please share the link to the advising guidelines of how to talk about TB?<\/p>\n<p>From Ethan Bustad to Everyone:\u00a0 10:15 AM<\/p>\n<p>@Robyn yes&#8230; I think so. Do you simply mean, &#8220;poor health in general is associated with poverty, so why single out TB&#8221;? And, &#8220;why make that such a talking point if it isn&#8217;t constructive&#8221;?<\/p>\n<p>From Rhea Lobo to Everyone:\u00a0 10:17 AM<\/p>\n<p>Stigmatising language guide: http:\/\/www.stoptb.org\/assets\/documents\/resources\/publications\/acsm\/LanguageGuide_ForWeb20131110.pdf<\/p>\n<p>From Ethan Bustad to Everyone:\u00a0 10:17 AM<\/p>\n<p>@Rhea thank you!<\/p>\n<p>From @WaiteRobyn to Everyone:\u00a0 10:17 AM<\/p>\n<p>no we can talk about it in the specific content of TB too &#8211; just as one of many social determinants of TB<\/p>\n<p>From Rhea Lobo to Everyone:\u00a0 10:18 AM<\/p>\n<p>For everyone who asked about the link to the video in my presentation: https:\/\/youtu.be\/Y_8OdZXx9Fw<\/p>\n<p>From Lubega Jason to Everyone:\u00a0 10:19 AM<\/p>\n<p>TB is an infectious disease capable of crossing borders eradicating it is the only way to protect yourself<\/p>\n<p>Just like COVID<\/p>\n<p>From Charlotte Barungi to Everyone:\u00a0 10:19 AM<\/p>\n<p>thank you<\/p>\n<p>From Lubega Jason to Everyone:\u00a0 10:22 AM<\/p>\n<p>We can package it that way<\/p>\n<p>Are there TB-FREE countries??<\/p>\n<p>From Ethan Bustad to Everyone:\u00a0 10:26 AM<\/p>\n<p>(which was surprisingly high to me). I&#8217;m curious where can realistically expect more TB funding to come from?<\/p>\n<p>From Rhea Lobo to Everyone:\u00a0 10:34 AM<\/p>\n<p>GIVE US NEW VACCINES&#8230; AND NEW TOOLS&#8230; AND NEW DRUGS WITH SHORTER REGIMENS!!! PLEASE!<\/p>\n<p>From @WaiteRobyn to Everyone:\u00a0 10:37 AM<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.stoptbcanada.com\/join-us<\/p>\n<p>From Valeria Guzman Luna to Everyone:\u00a0 10:38 AM<\/p>\n<p>Thank you ALL!<\/p>\n<p>From @WaiteRobyn to Everyone:\u00a0 10:38 AM<\/p>\n<p>By everyone! Thank you<\/p>\n<p>From Lubega Jason to Everyone:\u00a0 10:59 AM<\/p>\n<p>IT WAS GREAT MEETING YOU ALL.<\/p>\n<p>LEARNT ALOT FROM THIS COURSE<\/p>\n<p>From Tah Rene Mih to Everyone:\u00a0 11:00 AM<\/p>\n<p>Thanks so much for the opportunity<\/p>\n<p>From Carla Achiro to Everyone:\u00a0 11:00 AM<\/p>\n<p>thank you for this training opportunity.<\/p>\n<p>From Sarah Jbara to Everyone:\u00a0 11:00 AM<\/p>\n<p>Thank you very much to everyone, especially to the organizers. It was a great opportunity.<\/p>\n<p>From Qader Ghulam to Everyone:\u00a0 11:01 AM<\/p>\n<p>It was a great course. I have learned a lot and will apply it into my day to day work that will lead to saving more lives.<\/p>\n<p>From DANIEL OKUTU to Everyone:\u00a0 11:01 AM<\/p>\n<p>thank you very much<\/p>\n<p>From Luc\u00eda Loy to Everyone:\u00a0 11:01 AM<\/p>\n<p>thank you!<\/p>\n<p>From Martial Sonkoue Pianta to Everyone:\u00a0 11:01 AM<\/p>\n<p>It was awesome. Thank you very much<\/p>\n<p>From matovu Sande to Everyone:\u00a0 11:01 AM<\/p>\n<p>thanks for giving us this<\/p>\n<p>From Yvette Rodriguez to Everyone:\u00a0 11:01 AM<\/p>\n<p>Thank you!<\/p>\n<p>From Dra Laura Lagrutta to Everyone:\u00a0 11:01 AM<\/p>\n<p>Thank you !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Agenda-Advanced-TB-Research-Training-Course-2022.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Please use this link for a printable version of the agenda<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"content_block\" id=\"custom_post_widget-543\">\n<h2>Curriculum Committee<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sph.washington.edu\/sph-profiles\/faculty-profiles\/rhea-coler\" rel=\"noopener\">Rhea Coler<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/globalhealth.washington.edu\/faculty\/paul-drain\" rel=\"noopener\">Paul Drain<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/aid.uw.edu\/people\/faculty\/infectious-diseases\/Thomas-Hawn\" rel=\"noopener\">Tom Hawn<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/globalhealth.washington.edu\/faculty\/david-horne\" rel=\"noopener\">Dave Horne<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/globalhealth.washington.edu\/faculty\/sylvia-lacourse\" rel=\"noopener\">Sylvia LaCourse<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.seattlechildrens.org\/directory\/shuyi-ma\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Shuyi Ma<\/a><br \/>\nTanya Parish<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/aid.uw.edu\/people\/faculty\/infectious-diseases\/chetan-seshadri\" rel=\"noopener\">Chetan Seshadri<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/globalhealth.washington.edu\/faculty\/javeed-shah\" rel=\"noopener\">Javeed Shah<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/globalhealth.washington.edu\/faculty\/david-sherman\" rel=\"noopener\">David Sherman<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.seattlechildrens.org\/directory\/kevin-bradley-urdahl\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Kevin Urdahl<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Curriculum The virtual course will use a mix of short (20-30 min) lectures, case studies, and break-out discussion groups. Agenda Times are listed in pacific time, separate theme for each day (see below) Each talk is a 20-minute presentation, including a brief Q&amp;A \/ Expert panel discussion sessions (2-4 people) Breakout discussions will encourage interactions among participants Video recordings and presentation slides have been added to the topics in the agenda below (Updated 9\/26\/2022) Please use this link for a&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":373,"menu_order":4,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-309","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/309","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=309"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/309\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":550,"href":"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/309\/revisions\/550"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/373"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.washington.edu\/tbresearchcourse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=309"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}