Hypercalciuria - References


Factors that increase filtered load of calcium

Vezzoli G. Intestinal calcium absorption is associated with bone mass in stone-forming women with idiopathic hypercalciuria. Am J Kidney Dis 2003;42(6):1177-83.

Borghi, L.(2002). Comparison of two diets for the prevention of recurrent stones in idiopathic hypercalciuria. N Engl J Med 346: 77-84.

Curhan, G. C.(1997). Comparison of dietary calcium with supplemental calcium and other nutrients as factors affecting the risk for kidney stones in women. Ann Intern Med 126: 497-504.

Muller, D.(2001). Prolonged dietary calcium restriction: a diagnostic approach in idiopathic hypercalciuria. Nephron 89: 384-90.

Heaney, R. P.(1999). Absorption of calcium as the carbonate and citrate salts, with some observations on method. Osteoporos Int 9: 19-23.

Rambaut, P. C.(1979). Prolonged weightlessness and calcium loss in man. Acta Astronaut 6: 1113-22.

Maimoun, L.(2002). Use of bone biochemical markers with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry for early determination of bone loss in persons with spinal cord injury. Metabolism 51: 958-63.

Stewart, A. F.(1982). Calcium homeostasis in immobilization: an example of resorptive hypercalciuria. N Engl J Med 306: 1136-40.


Oxalate in urine

Asplin JR. Hyperoxaluric calcium nephrolithiasis. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2002;31:927-49.

Borghi L. Comparison of two diets for the prevention of recurrent stones in idiopathic hypercalciuria. N Engl J Med 2002;346:77-84.

Curhan GC. Comparison of dietary calcium with supplemental calcium and other nutrients as factors affecting the risk for kidney stones in women. Ann Intern Med 1997;126:497-504.

Hall WD. Risk factors for kidney stones in older women in the southern United States. Am J Med Sci 2001;322:12-8.

Holmes RP. Contribution of dietary oxalate to urinary oxalate excretion. Kidney Int 2001;59:270-6.

Holmes RP. Estimation of the oxalate content of foods and daily oxalate intake. Kidney Int 2000;57:1662-7.

Rodgers A. Aspects of calcium oxalate crystallization: theory, in vitro studies, and in vivo implementation. J Am Soc Nephrol 1999;10 Suppl 14:S351-4.

Siener R. The effect of different diets on urine composition and the risk of calcium oxalate crystallisation in healthy subjects. Eur Urol 2002;42(3):289-96.

Messa P. Different dietary calcium intake and relative supersaturation of calcium oxalate in the urine of patients forming renal stones. Clin Sci (Lond) 1997;93(3):257-63.

Lewandowski S. Idiopathic calcium oxalate urolithiasis: risk factors and conservative treatment. Clin Chim Acta 2004;345(1-2):17-34.

Domrongkitchaiporn S. Risk of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis after calcium or combined calcium and calcitriol supplementation in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 2000;11(6):486-92.

Domrongkitchaiporn S. Schedule of taking calcium supplement and the risk of nephrolithiasis. Kidney Int 2004;65(5):1835-41.

Ogawa Y. Urinary saturation and risk factors for calcium oxalate stone disease based on spot and 24-hour urine specimens. Front Biosci 2003;8:a167-76.

Domrongkitchaiporn S. Schedule of taking calcium supplement and the risk of nephrolithiasis. Kidney Int 2004;65(5):1835-41.


Calcium transport

Frick KK. Molecular mechanisms of primary hypercalciuria. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003;14(4):1082-95.

van Abel M. Coordinated control of renal Ca(2+) transport proteins by parathyroid hormone. Kidney Int 2005;68(4):1708-21.

Jentsch TJ. Chloride transport in the kidney: lessons from human disease and knockout mice. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005;16(6):1549-61.

Suki WN, Lederer ED, Rouse D. Renal transport of calcium, magnesium and phosphate. Brenner & Rector's The Kidney. 6th edition, 2000 (on-line)

Barry, E. L.(1998). Distinct calcium channel isoforms mediate parathyroid hormone and chlorothiazide-stimulated calcium entry in transporting epithelial cells. J Membr Biol 161: 55-64.

Bleich, H. L.(1979). Urinary calcium excretion in human beings. N Engl J Med 301: 535-41.

Bourdeau, J. E.(1993). Immunocytochemical localization of sodium-calcium exchanger in canine nephron. J Am Soc Nephrol 4: 105-10.

Hoenderop, J. G.(2002). Molecular mechanism of active Ca2+ reabsorption in the distal nephron. Annu Rev Physiol 64: 529-49.

Hoenderop, J. G.(2000). Toward a comprehensive molecular model of active calcium reabsorption. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 278: F352-60.

Magyar, C. E.(2002). Plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase and NCX1 Na+/Ca2+ exchanger expression in distal convoluted tubule cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 283: F29-40.

Moe OW. Hypercalciuria from acid load: renal mechanisms. J Nephrol 2006;19 Suppl 9:S53-61.


TRPV5: Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 5 channels

Mene P. Transient receptor potential channels in the kidney: calcium signaling, transport and beyond. J Nephrol 2006;19(1):21-9.

van Abel M. The epithelial calcium channels TRPV5 and TRPV6: regulation and implications for disease. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2005;371(4):295-306.

Bodding M. Voltage-dependent changes of TRPV6-mediated Ca2+ currents. J Biol Chem 2005;280(8):7022-9.

van de Graaf SF. Regulation of the epithelial Ca2+ channels TRPV5 and TRPV6 by 1alpha,25-dihydroxy Vitamin D3 and dietary Ca2+. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2004;89-90(1-5):303-8.

Hoenderop JG. Renal Ca2+ wasting, hyperabsorption, and reduced bone thickness in mice lacking TRPV5. J Clin Invest 2003;112(12):1906-14.

Peng, J. B.(2002). A family of calcium-permeable channels in the kidney: distinct roles in renal calcium handling. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 11: 555-61.


Claudin-16

Simon DB. Paracellin-1, a renal tight junction protein required for paracellular Mg2+ resorption. Science 1999;285(5424):103-6.

Weber S. Familial hypomagnesaemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis maps to chromosome 3q27 and is associated with mutations in the PCLN-1 gene. Eur J Hum Genet 2000;8(6):414-22.

Blanchard A. Paracellin-1 is critical for magnesium and calcium reabsorption in the human thick ascending limb of Henle. Kidney Int 2001;59(6):2206-15.

Weber S. Novel paracellin-1 mutations in 25 families with familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2001;12(9):1872-81.

Hou J. Paracellin-1 and the modulation of ion selectivity of tight junctions. J Cell Sci 2005;118(Pt 21):5109-18.

Kang JH. Familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis associated with CLDN16 mutations. Pediatr Nephrol 2005;20(10):1490-3.

Kausalya PJ. Disease-associated mutations affect intracellular traffic and paracellular Mg2+ transport function of Claudin-16. J Clin Invest 2006;116(4):878-91.

Muller D. Unusual clinical presentation and possible rescue of a novel claudin-16 mutation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;91(8):3076-9.

Zimmermann B. Hydrochlorothiazide in CLDN16 mutation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006;21(8):2127-32.

Zimmermann B. Hydrochlorothiazide in CLDN16 mutation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006;21(8):2127-32.


Calcium sensing receptors

Kifor O. A syndrome of hypocalciuric hypercalcemia caused by autoantibodies directed at the calcium-sensing receptor. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88(1):60-72.

Thakker RV. Diseases associated with the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor. Cell Calcium 2004;35(3):275-82.

Brown, E. M.(2000). Calcium receptor and regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 1: 307-15.

D'Souza-Li, L.(2002). Identification and functional characterization of novel calcium-sensing receptor mutations in familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia and autosomal dominant hypocalcemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87: 1309-18.

Hebert, S. C.(1996). Extracellular calcium-sensing receptor: implications for calcium and magnesium handling in the kidney. Kidney Int 50: 2129-39.

Lienhardt, A.(2001). Activating mutations of the calcium-sensing receptor: management of hypocalcemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86: 5313-23.

Pearce, S. H.(2002). Clinical disorders of extracellular calcium-sensing and the molecular biology of the calcium-sensing receptor. Ann Med 34: 201-6.

Sato, K.(2002). Hydrochlorothiazide effectively reduces urinary calcium excretion in two Japanese patients with gain-of-function mutations of the calcium-sensing receptor gene. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87: 3068-73.

Yamamoto, M.(2000). Comparison of hypocalcemic hypercalciuria between patients with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism and those with gain-of-function mutations in the calcium-sensing receptor: is it possible to differentiate the two disorders? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85: 4583-91.


Kidney stones and hypercalciuria

Liebman SE. Idiopathic hypercalciuria. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2006;8(1):70-5.

Bai S. Vitamin D and calcium receptors: links to hypercalciuria. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2006;15(4):381-5.

Rendina D. Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Is Increased in Calcium Nephrolithiasis with Hypophosphataemia and Renal Phosphate Leak. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005.

Corbetta S. Risk factors associated to kidney stones in primary hyperparathyroidism. J Endocrinol Invest 2005;28(2):122-8.

Coe FL. Kidney stone disease. J Clin Invest 2005;115(10):2598-608.

Magen D. Autosomal recessive renal proximal tubulopathy and hypercalciuria: a new syndrome. Am J Kidney Dis 2004;43(4):600-6.

Gambaro G. Genetics of hypercalciuria and calcium nephrolithiasis: from the rare monogenic to the common polygenic forms. Am J Kidney Dis 2004;44(6):963-86.

Negri AL. Renal phosphate leak in patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria and calcium nephrolithiasis. Urol Res 2003;31(6):378-81.

Frick KK. Molecular mechanisms of primary hypercalciuria. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003;14(4):1082-95.

Caudarella R. Bone mass loss in calcium stone disease: focus on hypercalciuria and metabolic factors. J Nephrol 2003;16(2):260-6.

Zerwekh JE. Pathogenesis of hypercalciuric nephrolithiasis. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2002;31:869-84.

Hall, W. D.(2001). Risk factors for kidney stones in older women in the southern United States. Am J Med Sci 322: 12-8.

Hess, B.(1995). Effect of oral calcium loading on intact PTH and calcitriol in idiopathic renal calcium stone formers and healthy controls. Nephrol Dial Transplant 10: 1614-9.

Lerolle, N.(2002). Risk factors for nephrolithiasis in patients with familial idiopathic hypercalciuria. Am J Med 113: 99-103.

Zerwekh, J. E.(2002). Pathogenesis of hypercalciuric nephrolithiasis. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 31: 869-84.


Phosphate transport

Lapointe JY. NPT2a gene variation in calcium nephrolithiasis with renal phosphate leak. Kidney Int 2006;69(12):2261-7.

Yamamoto T. The role of fibroblast growth factor 23 for hypophosphatemia and abnormal regulation of vitamin D metabolism in patients with McCune-Albright syndrome. J Bone Miner Metab 2005;23(3):231-7.

Kronenberg, H. M.(2002). NPT2a--the key to phosphate homeostasis. N Engl J Med 347: 1022-4.

Prie, D.(2001). Frequency of renal phosphate leak among patients with calcium nephrolithiasis. Kidney Int 60: 272-6.

Prie, D.(2002). Nephrolithiasis and osteoporosis associated with hypophosphatemia caused by mutations in the type 2a sodium-phosphate cotransporter. N Engl J Med 347: 983-91.

Tenenhouse, H. S.(2003). Disorders of renal tubular phosphate transport. J Am Soc Nephrol 14: 240-7.

Williams, C. P.(1996). Inappropriate phosphate excretion in idiopathic hypercalciuria: the key to a common cause and future treatment? J Clin Pathol 49: 881-8.


Osteomalacia related to urine mineral metabolism

Lorenz-Depiereux B. Hereditary Hypophosphatemic Rickets with Hypercalciuria Is Caused by Mutations in the Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Gene SLC34A3. Am J Hum Genet 2006;78(2):193-201.

Ichikawa S. Intronic Deletions in the SLC34A3 Gene Cause Hereditary Hypophosphatemic Rickets with Hypercalciuria. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006.

Bergwitz C. SLC34A3 Mutations in Patients with Hereditary Hypophosphatemic Rickets with Hypercalciuria Predict a Key Role for the Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter NaPi-IIc in Maintaining Phosphate Homeostasis. Am J Hum Genet 2006;78(2):179-92.

Thakker R. Dent's disease--a nephrolithiasis disorder associated with defective receptor-mediated endocytosis. Bull Mem Acad R Med Belg 2004;159(Pt 2):199-211.

Knohl SJ. Inherited hypercalciuric syndromes: Dent's disease (CLC-5) and familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria (paracellin-1). Semin Nephrol 2004;24(1):55-60.

Gunther, W.(2003). The ClC-5 chloride channel knock-out mouse - an animal model for Dent's disease. Pflugers Arch 445: 456-62.

Raja, K. A.(2002). Responsiveness of Hypercalciuria to Thiazide in Dent's Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 13: 2938-44.

Scheinman, S. J.(2000). Isolated hypercalciuria with mutation in CLCN5: relevance to idiopathic hypercalciuria. Kidney Int 57: 232-9.

Thakker, R. V.(2000). Pathogenesis of Dent's disease and related syndromes of X-linked nephrolithiasis. Kidney Int 57: 787-93.

Jones, A.(2001). Hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria is not caused by mutations in the Na/Pi cotransporter NPT2 gene. J Am Soc Nephrol 12: 507-14.

Sermet-Gaudelus, I.(2001). Hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria: report of a new kindred. Nephron 88: 83-6.

Tieder, M.(1992). A new kindred with hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria: implications for correct diagnosis and treatment. Nephron 62: 176-81.

van den Heuvel, L.(2001). Autosomal recessive hypophosphataemic rickets with hypercalciuria is not caused by mutations in the type II renal sodium/phosphate cotransporter gene. Nephrol Dial Transplant 16: 48-51.


Gitelman's syndrome and pseudohypoaldosteronism

Yang CL. Mechanisms of WNK1 and WNK4 interaction in the regulation of thiazide-sensitive NaCl cotransport. J Clin Invest 2005;115(5):1379-87.

Mayan H. Hypercalciuria in familial hyperkalemia and hypertension accompanies hyperkalemia and precedes hypertension: description of a large family with the Q565E WNK4 mutation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89(8):4025-30.

Zelikovic I. A novel mutation in the chloride channel gene, CLCNKB, as a cause of Gitelman and Bartter syndromes. Kidney Int 2003;63:24-32.

Wilson FH. Molecular pathogenesis of inherited hypertension with hyperkalemia: the Na-Cl cotransporter is inhibited by wild-type but not mutant WNK4. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003;100:680-4.

Zelikovic, I.(2003). A novel mutation in the chloride channel gene, CLCNKB, as a cause of Gitelman and Bartter syndromes. Kidney Int 63: 24-32.

Mayan, H.(2002). Pseudohypoaldosteronism type II: marked sensitivity to thiazides, hypercalciuria, normomagnesemia, and low bone mineral density. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87: 3248-54.


Urine calcium values: normals and osteoporotic patients

Curhan, G. C.(2001). Twenty-four-hour urine chemistries and the risk of kidney stones among women and men. Kidney Int 59: 2290-8.

Heaney, R. P.(1999). Urinary calcium in perimenopausal women: normative values. Osteoporos Int 9: 13-8.

Tannenbaum, C.(2002). Yield of Laboratory Testing to Identify Secondary Contributors to Osteoporosis in Otherwise Healthy Women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87: 4431-4437.

Deutschmann, H. A.(2002). Search for occult secondary osteoporosis: impact of identified possible risk factors on bone mineral density. J Intern Med 252: 389-97.

Ogawa Y. Urinary saturation and risk factors for calcium oxalate stone disease based on spot and 24-hour urine specimens. Front Biosci 2003;8:a167-76.

Painter SE. Secondary osteoporosis: a review of the recent evidence. Endocr Pract 2006;12(4):436-45.


Bone density and biopsy findings in patients with hypercalciuria

Heilberg IP. Bone disease in idiopathic hypercalciuria. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2006;15(4):394-402.

Tsuji H. Analysis of bone mineral density in urolithiasis patients. Int J Urol 2005;12(4):335-9.

Rodriguez-Soriano J. Bone mineral density and bone turnover in patients with Bartter syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 2005;20(8):1120-5.

Penido MG. Hypocitraturia: a risk factor for reduced bone mineral density in idiopathic hypercalciuria? Pediatr Nephrol 2005.

Pak CY. Effect of dietary modification on urinary stone risk factors. Kidney Int 2005;68(5):2264-73.

Ofluoglu D. Bilateral tibial stress fracture in a young man due to hypercalciuric osteoporosis: a case report. Rheumatol Int 2005:1-4.

Giannini S. Bone disease in primary hypercalciuria. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2005;42(3):229-48.

Caudarella R. Osteoporosis and urolithiasis. Urol Int 2004;72 Suppl 1:17-9.

Polito C. Growth and bone mineral density in long-lasting idiopathic hypercalciuria. Pediatr Nephrol 2003;18(6):545-7.

Penido MG. Bone alterations in children with idiopathic hypercalciuria at the time of diagnosis. Pediatr Nephrol 2003;18(2):133-9.

Garcia-Nieto V. Bone mineral density in girls and their mothers with idiopathic hypercalciuria. Nephron Clin Pract 2003;94(4):c89-93.

Asplin JR. Bone mineral density and urine calcium excretion among subjects with and without nephrolithiasis. Kidney Int 2003;63(2):662-9.

Bataille, P.(1991). Diet, vitamin D and vertebral mineral density in hypercalciuric calcium stone formers. Kidney Int 39: 1193-205.

Freundlich, M.(2002). Reduced bone mass in children with idiopathic hypercalciuria and in their asymptomatic mothers. Nephrol Dial Transplant 17: 1396-401.

Fuss, M.(1990). Involvement of low-calcium diet in the reduced bone mineral content of idiopathic renal stone formers. Calcif Tissue Int 46: 9-13.

Ghazali, A.(1997). Low bone mineral density and peripheral blood monocyte activation profile in calcium stone formers with idiopathic hypercalciuria. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82: 32-8.

Lauderdale, D. S.(2001). Bone mineral density and fracture among prevalent kidney stone cases in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Bone Miner Res 16: 1893-8.

Malluche, H. H.(1980). Abnormal bone histology in idiopathic hypercalciuria. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 50: 654-8.

Misael da Silva, A. M.(2002). Bone involvement in idiopathic hypercalciuria. Clin Nephrol 57: 183-91.

Reed, B. Y.(2002). Identification and characterization of a gene with base substitutions associated with the absorptive hypercalciuria phenotype and low spinal bone density. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87: 1476-85.

Steiniche, T.(1989). A histomorphometric determination of iliac bone remodeling in patients with recurrent renal stone formation and idiopathic hypercalciuria. Apmis 97: 309-16.

Tasca, A.(2002). Bone alterations in patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria and calcium nephrolithiasis. Urology 59: 865-9; discussion 869.

Weisinger, J. R.(1996). New insights into the pathogenesis of idiopathic hypercalciuria: the role of bone. Kidney Int 49: 1507-18.

Weisinger, J. R.(1996). Possible role of cytokines on the bone mineral loss in idiopathic hypercalciuria. Kidney Int 49: 244-50.


Thiazide references

Thiazides

Updated 9/9/06