Climate models used in the analysis

The number in front of each model are the model numbers used in our R code.

3 bcc-csm1-1 Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model 1.1, Beijing,  China

7 CCSM4 University Corporation for Atmospheric Science Community Earth System Model version 4, Boulder, USA

9 CESM1-CAM5 University Corporation for Atmospheric Science Community Atmosphere Model version 5, Boulder, USA

16 CSIRO-Mk3-6-0 CSIRO Global Climate Model version Mk3.6, Australia

19 FGOALS-s2 The Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System model Version: FGOALS-s2, State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

20 FIO-ESM First Institute of Oceanography Earth System Model, Qiangdao, China.

22 GFDL-CM3 Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Climate Model 3, Princeton, USA

23 GFDL-ESM2G Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Earth System Model 2 with Generalized Ocean Layer Dynamics, Princeton, USA

24 GFDL-ESM2M Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Earth System Model 2 with Modular Ocean Model, Princeton, USA

26 GISS-E2-R Goddard Institute for Space Studies Model E with Russell Ocean Model, New York, USA

30 HadGEM2-AO Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model version 2-atmosphere-ocean, Exeter, UK

34 IPSL-CM5A-LR Institut Pierre Simon Laplace Climate Modeling Centre Climate Model 5A Low Resolution, Paris and Gif-sur-Yvette, France

37 MIROC5 International Centre for Earth Simulation Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate, version 5, Geneva, Switzerland

38 MIROC-ESM International Centre for Earth Simulation Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate Earth System Model, Geneva, Switzerlnd

39 MIROC-ESM-CHEM International Centre for Earth Simulation Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate Earth System Model coupled with an Atmospheric Chemistry model, Geneva, Switzerlnd

43 MRI-CGCM3 Meteorological Research Institute Coupled General Circulation Model version 3, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tsukuba, Japan

44 NorESM1-M Norwegian Climate Center's Earth System Model, version 1, medium resolution, Bjerknes Centre, Bergen, Norway

45 NorESM1-ME Norwegian Climate Center's Earth System Model, version 1, medium resolution, prognostic biogeochemical cycling, Bjerknes Centre, Bergen, Norway