The sounds in blue are found in Modern Standard Mandarin. When you click on a symbol, you will hear the sound pronounced in two environments: at the beginning of a syllable before a vowel (e.g. [pa]) and between two vowels (e.g. [apa]).
Click the “Pinyin/IPA” button below to toggle between the two representations.
Pinyin / IPA
Place Manner |
Bilabial | Labio- dental |
Dental or Alveolar |
Retroflex | Palato- alveolar |
Alveolo- palatal |
Velar | Glottal |
Stop | pb pʰp b | td tʰt d | ʈ ʈʰ ɖ | kg kʰk g | ʔ | |||
Nasal | mm | nn | ɳ | ŋng | ||||
Tap/Flap | ɾ | |||||||
Affricate | tsz tsʰc dz | tʂzh tʂʰch dʐ | tʃ tʃʰ dʒ | tɕj tɕʰq dʑ | ||||
Fricative | ff v | ss z | ʂsh ʐ | ʃ ʒ | ɕx ʑ | xh ɣ | h | |
Lateral Fricative |
ɬ ɮ | |||||||
Approximant | w | j | w | |||||
Liquid | ll | ɹr |